组配钝化剂对复合污染蔬菜地土壤重金属的钝化效果  

Inactivation Effect of Mixed Amendments on Heavy Metals in Complex Polluted Vegetable Soil

作　　者：张彦娟 章明奎[2] ZHANG Yan-juan;ZHANG Ming-kui(Zhenhai Master Station of Agricultural Technology of Ningbo City,Ningbo 315200,China;College of Environment and Resources Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省宁波市镇海区农业技术推广总站,浙江宁波315200 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2020年第10期121-124,130,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项“农田地质高背景重金属污染机理研究”(2017YFD0800305)。

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,研究了不同用量钙镁磷肥、坡缕石、生物质炭及由钙镁磷肥、坡缕石和生物质炭组配(比例为2∶3∶1)的钝化剂对复合污染蔬菜地土壤重金属的钝化效果。结果表明:施用以上钝化剂均可显著降低土壤中水溶性、生物有效性Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb含量,减少蔬菜对以上重金属的吸收,但不同类别钝化剂降低不同重金属元素生物有效性的效果有所不同,降低效果随钝化剂用量的增加而增加。坡缕石对土壤中Cd、Cu和Zn的稳定作用最佳,但对土壤中Pb的稳定效果一般;钙镁磷肥对土壤中Pb的稳定作用最佳,但对土壤中的Cu和Zn稳定效果一般。对蔬菜中Cd和Cu积累的降低效果以坡缕石和组合钝化剂最好,对Zn和Pb积累的降低效果以钙镁磷肥和组合钝化剂最好。由此可知,组合钝化剂对全方位修复重金属复合污染土壤的效果好于单一钝化剂,合适的钝化剂施用量为10 g/kg。A pot experiment was conducted to compare the inactivation effects of four amendments including calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,palygorskite,biochar and their mixed amendment(2∶3∶1)on heavy metals in the complex contaminated vegetable soils at different application rates.The results showed that the water solubility,and bioavailability of Cd,Cu,Zn and Pb in the vegetable soil and the uptake of the metals by vegetables could be significantly reduced by application of the above amendments,but the effects of different kinds of amendments on the bioavailability of different heavy metals were different.The effects increased with the increase of amendments application rate.Palygorskite had the best stabilizing effect on Cd,Cu and Zn in soil,but its stabilizing effect on Pb in the soil was medium.Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer had the best stabilizing effect on Pb in soil,but its stabilizing effect on Cu and Zn in the soil was medium.Palygorskite and mixed amendment had the best effect on reducing the accumulation of Cd and Cu in vegetables,while calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and mixed amendment had the best effect on reducing the accumulation of Zn and Pb.It can be seen that the mixed amendment was better than the single amendment in the comprehensive remediation of polymetallic contaminated soil.The appropriate dosage of the amendment was 10 g/kg.

关 键 词：复合污染土壤 重金属 组配钝化剂 植物有效性 食品安全 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]