微塑料对人体健康的影响概述  

The impact of microplastics on human health:A review

作　　者：张羽西 缪爱军[1] Zhang Yuxi;Miao Aijun(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China)

机构地区：[1]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京大学环境学院,南京210023

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期729-736,共8页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21822605,21677068)。

摘　　要：随着全球塑料制品使用量的增多,近年来微塑料污染问题愈加严重,由此带来的对人体健康的潜在危害和影响也受到了人们的广泛关注.微塑料在人类生活环境中无处不在,在水、大气和土壤环境中均有分布.由于塑料的难降解性,这些环境中的微塑料会长期存在,可能通过摄食和呼吸等途径进入人体内.并且,微塑料的比表面积大,容易吸附金属和有机物等有毒污染物,并携带进入人体.进入生物体内的微塑料和其携带的有毒污染物会对生物体造成毒性,引起氧化应激反应和炎症等,还会导致能量平衡和新陈代谢的紊乱,并产生基因毒性.然而,目前微塑料对于人体的暴露水平和毒性机制尚不明确,如何准确检测和定量生物体内的微塑料以及结合多种技术手段研究其毒性机制和对人体的潜在危害均是未来亟待解决的问题.As the global plastics usage increased,the problem of microplastics pollution becomes more and more serious in recent years. As a result,their potential toxicity and impact on human health has also been extensively concerned.Microplastics is everywhere in the human living environment including water,atmosphere and soil environment. Microplastics in these environments will exist for a long time because of the persistence,and then be taken up by human through ingestion and inhalation. Microplastics has large specific surface area which results in easy adsorption of toxic pollutants such as metals and organic matter. They can be carried together by microplastics entering the human body. The microplastics and the toxic pollutants will have toxic effects to organisms,such as oxidative stress and inflammation,etc. It can also lead to energy balance and metabolic disorders,as well as the genetic toxicity. We made a summary and review of the relevant research about these problems. However,the exposure levels and toxicity mechanism of microplastics for human is not clear currently,how to measure and quantify the microplastics inside organisms,and to study the toxicity mechanism and the potential impact to human combined with a variety of technology are both urgent problems in the future.

关 键 词：微塑料 环境分布 人体健康 生物毒性 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]