不同氮源对白腐真菌发酵秸秆营养价值的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources on Nutrient Value of White Rot Fungus Fermented Straw

作　　者：杨晓曦 廖阳慈 王雨琼 张航[1] 王思珍[1] 王智贤 YANG Xiaoxi;LIAO Yangci;WANG Yuqiong;ZHANG Hang;WANG Sizhen;WANG Zhixian(College of Animal Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia University For Nationalities,Tongliao 028000,Mongolia,China;State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak GermplasmResources and Genetic Improvement,Institute of Pratacultural,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China;Tongliao Keerqin District Animal Health Supervision Institute,Tongliao 028000,Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学动物科学技术学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,拉萨850000 [3]通辽市科尔沁区动物卫生监督所,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2020年第5期564-571,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金(2019BS03023);省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室自主课题(XZNKY-2019-C-007Z07);内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目(kjcx1703)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同氮源对白腐真菌发酵秸秆营养价值及其产酶活性的影响。【方法】采用正交实验设计,选取漏斗状侧耳(Pleurotus sajor-caju),黄白侧耳(Pleurotus cornucopiae)和糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)3种侧耳属白腐真菌作为发酵菌种,选取尿素,草酸铵和氯化铵作为发酵基质的氮源,共九个处理,每个处理3个重复,25℃固态发酵20 d,测定发酵底物的营养指标及产酶活性。【结果】黄白侧耳尿素组显著提高(P<0.05)玉米秸秆中中性洗涤纤维(neutraldetergent fiber)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fibe)、半纤维素(hemicellulose)、纤维素(cellulose)、酸性洗涤木质素(acid detergent lignin)的损失率。漏斗状侧耳草酸铵组显著提高(P<0.05)发酵的玉米秸秆中NDF、ADF、HL、CL、ADL含量的损失率;糙皮侧耳氯化铵组显著提高(P<0.05)发酵的玉米秸秆中NDF、ADF、HL、CL含量的损失率。黄白侧耳尿素组漆酶(laccase)、木质素过氧化物酶(lignin peroxidase)和锰过氧化物酶(manganese peroxidase)的活性显著提高(P<0.05);漏斗状侧耳草酸铵组Lac、Lip和Mnp的活性显著提高(P<0.05);黄白侧耳氯化铵组和糙皮侧耳氯化铵组Lip的活性显著提高(P<0.05)。【结论】通过对营养物质损失率及相关酶活性分析可知,尿素处理黄白侧耳、草酸铵处理漏斗状侧耳、氯化铵处理糙皮侧耳效果最好。白腐真菌产酶活性和玉米秸秆中木质纤维素损失率存在极显著(P<0.01)的交互作用。产酶活性较高的木质纤维素降解率也较高,可改善秸秆的营养价值,成正相关关系。氮的来源对白腐菌产酶活性及发酵秸秆营养价值有显著影响,这将为推进秸秆饲料化的进程提供理论依据。【Objective】The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different nitrogen sources on nutrient value and enzyme activity of corn straw by white rot fungus fermented.【Method】By orthogonal experimental design,this study selected three kinds of white-rot fungi strains(Pleurotus sajor-caju,Pleurotus cornucopiae and Pleurotus ostreatus)and nitrogen source(urea,ammonium chloride and ammonium oxalate)for 25℃solid-state fermentation of 20 days.corn stover was inoculated 3 kinds of Pleurotus white rot fungi,each group contained 3 replicates,and each group contained 3 nutritional.【Result】The results showed that the loss rates of NDF,ADF,HL,CL and ADL in corn straw were respectively,in the urea group by Pleurotus cornucopiae fermented(P<0.05).The loss rates of NDF,ADF,HL,CL and ADL in fermented corn straw were respectively,in the ammonium oxalate group by Pleurotus sajor caju fermented(P<0.05).The loss rates of NDF,ADF,HL and CL in fermented corn straw were respectively,in the ammonium chloride group by Pleurotus ostreatus fermented(P<0.05).The activities of Lac,Lip and Mnp were significantly increased in the Pleurotus cornucopiae-ureagroup(P<0.05),respectively.Theactivities of Lac,Lip and Mnp in the Pleurotus sajor caju group by ammonium oxalatewere significantly increased(P<0.05)were respectively.Lip activity was significantly increased in the Pleurotus cornucopiae group by ammonium chloride and the Pleurotus ostreatus group by ammonium chloride(P<0.05).Urea had the best effect in the treatment of Pleurotus cornucopiae,and Ammonium oxalate had the best effect in the treatment of Pleurotus sajor-caju,and Ammonium chloride had the best effect in the treatment of Pleurotus ostreatus.There was a significant interaction between the enzyme activity of white rot fungus and thelossrate of lignocellulose in corn straw(P<0.01).【Conclusion】The degradation rate of lignocellulose with higher enzyme-producing activity was also higher,which could improve the nutritional value of straw and showed a positive cor

关 键 词：氮源 白腐真菌 玉米秸秆 营养价值 木质纤维素酶 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]