大规模社会危机冲击下的现金补助计划——基于全民基本收入理念的分析  

Cash Benefit Schemes under the Impact of Large-scale Social Crisis--Based on the Idea of Universal Basic Income

作　　者：岳经纶[1] 方珂 Ngok Kinglun;FANG Ke

机构地区：[1]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院,广东广州510275 [2]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2020年第5期79-90,共12页Social Security Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD630011);广州市人文社会科学重点研究基地资助项目的研究成果。

摘　　要：大规模社会危机冲击传统社会保险和社会救助政策的保障能力,引发创新收入保护体系的实践。本文基于全民基本收入理念,对11个国家和地区的现金补助计划进行分析,研究发现:中国香港和澳门全面普惠的现金补贴模式最接近典型全民基本收入;其他东亚国家和西方国家的现金补贴带有条件性,属于部分普惠的模式;中国内地的电子消费券计划虽然具有全面普惠的因素,但消费补贴的形式与典型全民基本收入存在差距。中国内地的电子消费券与境外国家和地区的现金补助计划都带有“刺激消费、提振经济”的凯恩斯主义经济政策意蕴,但在社会政策的维度上存在差别。因此,可以基于政策发展的路径依赖和现有的福利治理体系对其进行解读。未来中国需要在社会政策再分配、社会政策瞄准机制以及社会政策和经济政策的协调方面继续探索收入保护制度,改善面向中低收入群体的社会福利制度,为满足美好生活需要和走向福利社会奠定基础。Large-scale social crises have impacted the guarantee capabilities of traditional social insurance and social assistance policies,triggering the innovative practice of income protection systems.This paper analyzes the cash benefit plans in 11 countries and regions based on the idea of universal basic income.The main findings show as follow:the comprehensive cash benefit model of Hong Kong and Macao in China is closest to the typical universal basic income;the model of other East Asian countries and Western countries belong to a partial inclusive model due to its conditionality;although the electronic consumer voucher program in China's Mainland shows the comprehensive inclusive factor,the form of consumption subsidies still differs from the typical universal basic income.Both the e-voucher in China's Mainland and the cash benefit schemes of overseas countries and regions have the meaning of Keynesian economic policy like"stimulating consumption and boosting the economy",but there are differences from the perspective of social policy,which can be demonstrated through path dependency and the existing welfare governance system.In the future,China needs to keep exploring the innovative income protection system in terms of social policy redistribution,social policy targeting mechanism,and coordination of social and economic policies,to improve social welfare system for middle-low income groups.It lays the foundation for meeting the needs of a better life and moving towards a welfare society.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒性肺炎疫情 社会危机 收入保护 现金补助计划 全民基本收入 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]