奖惩对特质焦虑个体抑制控制的影响  

Effects of rewards and punishments on inhibition for individuals with trait anxiety

作　　者：马恒芬[1] 吴云涛[1] 蒋琴 耿峰[1] 邵建岗 贾丽萍[2] MA Hengfen;WU Yuntao;JIANG Qin;GENG Feng;SHAO Jiangang;JIA Liping(College of Foreign Languages,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300;Department of Psychology,Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261053;Network Information Center,Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261053,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学外国语学院,天津300300 [2]潍坊医学院心理学系,山东潍坊261053 [3]潍坊医学院网络信息中心,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》2020年第6期961-965,共5页Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University（Medical Sciences）

基　　金：国家大学生创新训练项目(No.201810438004);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(No.17YJC190007);中央高校基本科研业务费项目中国民航大学专项(No.3122019026)。

摘　　要：目的探讨奖励和惩罚动机对特质焦虑和非特质焦虑大学生抑制控制的影响。方法通过经典Stroop任务诱发受试者的认知抑制,比较特质焦虑和非特质焦虑大学生在奖励、惩罚和无奖惩条件下完成Stroop任务的差异。结果特质焦虑组完成Stroop任务的反应时短于非特质焦虑组;特质焦虑和非特质焦虑受试者在字色不一致条件下完成Stroop任务的反应时明显长于无关条件和一致条件,在字色一致条件下完成Stroop任务的反应时明显短于无关条件;所有受试者在奖励和惩罚条件下完成Stroop任务的反应时都明显短于无奖惩条件;奖励和惩罚条件下的Stroop量明显小于无奖惩条件;特质焦虑组受试者在惩罚条件下完成Stroop任务的反应时明显短于无奖惩条件和奖励条件;非特质焦虑组受试者在奖励条件下完成Stroop任务的反应时明显短于惩罚条件和无奖惩条件。结论特质焦虑个体对惩罚敏感,而非特质焦虑个体对奖励敏感,奖励和惩罚都能够加强个体的抑制控制。Objective To explore the effects of motivation of rewards and punishments on inhibitory control on college students with trait anxiety and non-trait anxiety.Methods In the current study,stroop task was used to induce the cognitive conflic and then performance comparison was made between traitanxiety and non-trait anxiety college students in completing Stroop tasks with or without rewards and punishments.Results The results showed that the response time of the trait anxiety group was shorter than that of the non-trait anxiety group.For both trait and non-trait anxiety subjects,the reaction time under the incongruent condition was significantly longer than that under the congruent and unrelated condition;the reaction time under the congruent condition was significantly shorter than that under the unrelated condition.For all subjects,the reaction time under the reward and punishment condition was significantly shorter than that under the non-reward and punishment condition.The Stroop effect under reward and punishment condition was significantly smaller than that under no reward and punishment condition.The response time of the trait anxiety group under the condition of punishment was significantly shorter than that under the condition of non-reward and punishment and the condition of reward.The response time of the non-trait anxiety group under the reward condition was significantly shorter than that under the punishment condition and the non-reward and punishment condition.Conclusion Trait anxiety individuals were sensitive to punishments,while non-trait anxiety individuals were sensitive to rewards.Both reward and punishment could strengthen the inhibition control of the individuals.

关 键 词：焦虑 奖励 惩罚 抑制控制 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]