骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗青光眼视神经损伤研究进展  

Advances in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy

作　　者：王姝婧(综述) 邵正波(审校)[1] Wang Shujing;Shao Zhengbo(Department of Ophthalmology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia,Harbin Medical University,Ministry Education,Future Medical Laboratory,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院眼科,哈尔滨医科大学心肌缺血教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院未来医学实验室,150086

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2020年第10期881-884,共4页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81970799);黑龙江省博士后科研启动金项目(LBH-Q18082)。

摘　　要：青光眼是以视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)凋亡为基础,以视野缺损和视神经萎缩为特征的神经退行性疾病,视神经损伤后无法再生,最终导致视功能不可逆损害。近年来干细胞治疗成为组织修复和再生的研究热点,在神经退行性病变领域的应用受到广泛关注。骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)具有自我增生和多向分化潜能,在特定条件下通过诱导能够向视网膜神经元样细胞进行转化,并经玻璃体腔注射、视网膜下腔注射以及自体归巢途径进行眼内移植,BMSCs在损伤视网膜局部发挥多重生物学作用;通过细胞替代、旁分泌营养因子和细胞因子以及外泌体等多种机制及信号通路,参与视神经以及视功能的保护和修复,减少RGCs的凋亡,延缓视网膜神经纤维层丢失和视神经萎缩,为青光眼等视神经退行性疾病受损细胞及视神经修复提供新的治疗手段。本文将通过BMSCs诱导分化、细胞移植途径以及BMSCs对青光眼视神经损伤修复的机制进行综述。Glaucoma is a disorder that leads to retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)apoptosis,visual field loss and optic nerve degeneration.The RGCs death is irreversible,which limites their ability for axon regeneration after injury.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)have shown promise as cell-incorporation,cell-supplements and paracrine-mediated therapy for compromised neurons,which have allowed the possibility of the pluripotent BMSCs based regeneration of retinal cells and repair of neurodegenerative diseases.Intravitreal injection,subretinal injection and autologous BMSCs homing transplantation were explored as therapy for various retinal injury conditions.These BMSCs primarily have paracrine trophic effects and can also incorporate into the damaged retina directly,which have regenerative and protective effects on the reduce of RGCs apoptosis and retinal nerve fiber loss,and multiple cell signals and mechanisms are involved.This review provides an update of the current evidence of BMSCs as treatment and potential limitations,and complications for glaucomatous RGCs dysfunction.The researches including induced-differentiation,transplantation methods and the potential neuroprotective mechanism of BMSCs as therapy for glaucomatous retinal degeneration were discussed.

关 键 词：青光眼 骨髓间充质干细胞 视网膜神经节细胞 视神经 细胞移植 

分 类 号：R779.6[医药卫生—眼科]