意大利国民医疗体系的改革解析——以市场化、私有化、地区化和财政紧缩为主线  

Analysis of the Reform of Italian Health Care System with a Focus on Marketization,Privatization,Regionalization and Fiscal Austerity

作　　者：李凯旋[1] Li Kaixuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2020年第7期57-65,M0005,共10页World Socialism Studies

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以来,随着意大利传统左翼衰落、新自由主义兴起以及地区主义强化,“公共卫生是集体责任”的思想在意大利不断弱化。与此同时,“公共卫生支出乃是成本”“健康乃个人的权利”等观念逐渐占据上风,并贯穿于市场化、变相私有化和地区化等结构改革进程之中。此外,随着欧洲统一大市场的拓展以及意大利经济的持续衰退,国民医疗体系的公共性与资本主义私有制之间的张力愈发显著,意大利财政紧缩政策也越来越严苛。这些措施对意大利公共医疗资源的流动性和可及性产生了极为负面的影响——医疗资源分配的两极分化呈恶化态势,医疗发展地域失衡加剧。Since 1990s,with the decline of traditional left,the rise of neoliberalism and the strengthening of regionalism,the idea that public health is“collective responsibility”has been weakening in Italy.At the same time,such concepts as“public health expenditure is a cost”and“health is an individual right”have gradually gained upper hand,running through the process of the structural reform that includes marketization,disguised privatization and regionalization.In addition,with the expansion of the unified European market and continued economic recession in Italy,the tension between the public nature of national health care system and private ownership of capitalism has become ever more prominent,and Italy has been more strictly strengthening its austerity policies.All these measures have had a very negative impact on the mobility and accessibility of Italian public health care resources:both polarization of medical resource allocation and geographical imbalance in medical development are increasing.

关 键 词：意大利 国民医疗体系 市场化 私有化 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]