当代巴西种族歧视问题探析  

A Probe into the Issue of Racial Discrimination in Contemporary Brazil

作　　者：陶染春 Ranchun Tao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院民族研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《世界民族》2020年第5期45-53,共9页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家民委民族研究基地项目“巴西少数民族教育发展模式研究”(项目号2019-GMG-005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1985年巴西军政府还政于民、结束独裁统治,国家实现民主转型。1988年国家出台宪法正式将“种族歧视”定为不可保释的重罪。但可惜的是,经过三十多年的民主建设发展,巴西社会的种族歧视现象非但没有得到缓解,反而在当下愈演愈烈,呈现出血统、地域与经济差异复合叠加的系统化趋势。具体来看,不仅存在白人歧视黑人的“罗西亚式”种族分类系统,而且在白人群体中还内嵌有“列布隆式”等级体系,这使得巴西的种族关系变得异常复杂。在日常生活的各个领域,的确存在各种族和谐相处的“软空间/平行空间”,但不和谐的“硬空间/垂直空间”却始终威胁着底层群体的各种权益,严重桎梏着他们的发展。这些种族分类系统和垂直空间是其社会矛盾与冲突的主要根源之一,它对理解今天的巴西社会非常重要。In 1985,the Brazilian military government returned its power to civilians,and the country achieved democratic transformation,hence putting an end to dictatorship.In 1988,the National Constitution officially defined“racial discrimination”as a felony that could not be released on bail.But unfortunately,after more than 30 years’democratic construction and development,the phenomenon of racial discrimination has not been alleviated in the Brazilian society.On the contrary,it is becoming more and more intense at the present,showing a systematic trend of combination of descent with regional and economic differences.Specifically,there is not only the“Rocinha”racial classification system featuring whites discriminating against blacks,but also the“Leblon style”hierarchy embedded in the white population,which make racial relations extremely complicated in Brazil.In all areas of daily life,there is indeed a“soft space/parallel space”in which various races live in harmony.But the disharmonious“hard space/vertical space”always threatens various interests of the marginalized groups and seriously shackles their development.These racial classification systems and vertical space constitute one of the root causes of social contradictions and conflicts in Brazil,which are very important for us to understand today’s Brazilian society.

关 键 词：当代 巴西 种族歧视 分类系统 硬空间 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]