过犹不及:情绪的效价-唤醒度冲突在动机倾向上的分离  

Effects of Valence-Arousal Emotional Conflict on Motivational Tendencies

作　　者：王艳梅[1] 杨丽冰 吴冰沁 Wang Yanmei;Yang Libing;Wu Bingqin(The School of Psychology and Cognitive Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第5期1034-1041,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目(20YJA190008);上海市哲学社会科学规划项目基金项目(2019BSH010)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究通过两个实验考察不同效价和唤醒度的情绪刺激是否存在动机倾向上的分离模式。研究1要求被试对表情图片的动机倾向(趋近/回避)进行主观评分,发现被试对低唤醒表情或积极表情有更加趋近的倾向。研究2以运动的线索启动动机倾向(趋近/回避),完成情绪词效价判断任务,从内隐的角度考察情绪刺激是否存在动机倾向上的分离模式,结果发现被试对动机倾向一致的情绪刺激的反应时更快。趋近的消极情绪词比趋近的积极情绪词的N2波幅更大,远离的低唤醒情绪词比趋近的低唤醒情绪词的LPC波幅更大。结果说明积极或者低唤醒的情绪刺激引发趋近倾向,而消极或高唤醒的情绪刺激引发回避倾向。The valence-arousal conflict theory assumed both valance and arousal would trigger approaching or withdrawing tendencies. It predicted that the evaluation process of emotional stimuli should be affected considering whether valence and arousal triggered conflicting or congruent motivational tendencies. However, most previous studies have only revealed the interaction between valence and arousal, instead of directly proving the interactive links between valence, arousal and motivational tendencies. To address this question, the present study investigated the effects of valence and arousal on approach/avoidance tendencies using two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants(N=61) were asked to evaluate subjective approach vs. withdrawal tendencies toward emotional expressions from Chinese Facial Affective Picture System(CFAPS) that systematically varied in valence and arousal. The results of Experiment 1 showed that participants reported a stronger approach tendency towards mildly arousing expressions and positive expressions relative to highly arousing expressions and negative expressions. Moreover, participants reported the strongest withdrawal tendency towards highly arousing negative emotional expressions. In Experiment 2(N=36), we manipulated motivational tendency cues by triggering an approaching or avoiding cue. Participants were instructed to judge the valence of emotional words from Affective Norms English Words(ANEW) after visual-spatial cues which seemed either approaching or withdrawing from participants by recording event-related potentials(ERP) to investigate whether valence or valence and arousal interactively fostered implicit approach and avoidance tendencies. The behavioral results of Experiment 2 showed that a three-way interaction(valence, arousal, and approach-withdrawal tendency) was observed such that evaluation reaction time was shorter if participants responded to a negative high-arousal stimulus than for negative low-arousal emotional words after a withdrawing cue, or if they responded to a

关 键 词：动机倾向 情绪效价-唤醒度冲突 事件相关电位(ERP) 趋近 回避 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]