防御性自尊大学生注意偏向对记忆偏向的影响  

The Effect of Attention Bias on Memory Bias in College Students with Defensive Self-Esteem

作　　者：张丽华 代嘉幸 陈虹 Zhang Lihua;Dai Jiaxing;Chen Hong(College of Psychology,Laoning Normal University,Collaborative Innovation Center for Healthy Personality Assessment and Training of Children and Adolescents,Dalian,116029)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,辽宁省儿童青少年健康人格评定与培养协同创新中心,大连116029

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第5期1176-1182,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：辽宁省教育科学“十三五”规划一般课题项目(JG18CB405)的资助。

摘　　要：防御性自尊个体表现出一定的认知特点,如出现注意和记忆偏向。为进一步考查注意偏向对记忆偏向的影响,本研究采用注意偏向训练任务操纵了被试的注意偏向,配合词汇系列呈现学习任务记录被试对词汇的记忆偏向。研究发现,控制组对攻击性信息存在着记忆偏向,而训练组对攻击性信息的记忆偏向消失。结果表明:注意偏向训练可以即时性地改变防御性自尊大学生对攻击性信息的注意偏向,注意偏向可能是特质一致性记忆的原因之一。Defensive self-esteem is associated with aggressive and defensive behavior. Individuals with defensive self-esteem are characterized by processing biases for aggressive information. Processing biases for aggressive information might be maintenance factors for aggressive behavior. Despite a wealth of studies examining the processing biases(at the level of attention and memory) for aggressive information in individuals with defensive self-esteem, little is known about the relationship between different processing biases. The purpose in this study is to explore whether attention bias has an impact on memory bias in college students with defensive self-esteem. Participants were asked to respond to Rosenberg’s(1965) Self-Esteem Scale and complete the implicit association task(IAT). According to the results of the tests, the defensive self-esteem group(a combination of high explicit and low implicit self-esteem) was selected. A total of 61 participants were selected. The participants were randomly assigned to an attention training(n = 31) or control group(n = 30). The attention modification program(AMP) was followed by a memory task during which novel aggressive and neutral words were presented. Memory for words presented in memory task was tested using incidental free recall. In attention task, attention bias index was subjected to a 2(group: training group vs. control group) × 2(measurement time: pre-training vs. posttraining) mixed-factors ANOVA. The interaction between group and measurement time reached significance [F(1,59) = 10.23, p <.01, ηp2 =.148]. Further analysis indicated that at pre-training there was no difference in attention bias index between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in attention bias index between the two groups at post-training. Specifically, the attention bias index of the training group was significantly lower than that of the control group. In addition, the training group showed a significant reduction in attention bias index from pre-to post-training, while

关 键 词：防御性自尊 攻击性 注意偏向训练 注意偏向 记忆偏向 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]