欺骗识别的准确率:影响因素与提高途径  

The Accuracy of Deception Detection:Influence Factors and Improving Approaches

作　　者：李贺 傅元 梁静 傅小兰[3,4] Li He;Fu Yuan;Liang Jing;Fu Xiaolan(School of Public Administration,Northwest University,Xi’an,710127;School of Educational Science,Ludong University,Yantai,264025;State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100101;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049)

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院,西安710127 [2]鲁东大学教育科学学院,烟台264025 [3]中国科学院心理研究所,脑与认知科学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《心理科学》2020年第5期1204-1210,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JK0726);西北大学“国家社科基金一般项目孵化计划项目(19XNFH008)”;国家自然科学基金青年项目(31900761);山东省自然科学基金培养基金项目(ZR2018PC034)的资助。

摘　　要：欺骗是一种常见的社会现象,通过观察他人的行为表现识别欺骗则是人们的一项重要能力。研究表明,人们的欺骗识别能力仅仅略微高于随机水平。本文关注基于行为线索的欺骗识别研究。首先,介绍欺骗识别的准确率;然后,结合Brunswik的透镜模型从欺骗线索的有效性和欺骗线索的利用两方面分析识别准确率的影响因素;并在此基础上探讨了提高识别准确率的途径。最后,对未来可能的研究方向进行展望。Deception and deception detection is a common phenomenon in our daily lives. In social interaction, when a person makes a deliberate attempt to mislead others, no matter successful or not, the behavior is defined as deception. Deception detection is the behavior to make a judgment about whether the person is telling the truth or not. In psychological studies, human deception detection ability has long been an important research concern. The present study focuses on human beings’ performance in deception detection, and further analyzes the reasons and points out ways to improve. First, the study introduced general findings on the accuracy of deception detection. In deception detection, the typical paradigm is the lie detection test. During the test, the participants were asked to watch some videotapes carefully and make judgments about whether the target in the video was lying or not. The participants were not given any additional information about the targets in the test, therefore, the only information that could be used was the targets’ verbal and nonverbal behavior. Meta-analysis studies showed that the accuracy of deception detection was about 54%, which was only slightly better than chance. Moreover, accuracy is not related to the judge’s confidence level, age, experience, education, and sex. Thus, human beings are poor at detecting deception. Then, the study investigated factors contributing to the accuracy of deception detection in social interactive perspective, and did further analysis in the framework of Brunswik’s lens model. From a social interaction perspective, two aspects are the most relevant in explanation of the failures in deception detection. The first is whether the liars leak valid cues to deception. According to cue theories, the difference of mental states between liars and truth-tellers would be reflected on the observable behaviors. However, meta-analysis studies showed that cues to deception were generally faint and unreliable. The fact that there is no Pinocchio’s nose in dec

关 键 词：欺骗线索 欺骗线索观念 内隐欺骗线索知识 透镜模型 策略性提问 认知负荷 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]