制度改善速度与机会型创业的关系研究  

Research on the Relationship between Speed of Institutional Improvement and Opportunity-Motivated Entrepreneurship

作　　者：王博 朱沆[1] Wang Bo;Zhu Hang

机构地区：[1]中山大学管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2020年第10期111-125,215,共16页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“动态、复杂制度环境下的创业活动研究”(编号:71872193);国家自然科学基金青年项目“迁移距离、社会网络嵌入与异地创业成长研究”(编号:71902072);重点国际(地区)合作研究项目“家族企业国际化与创新:基于制度——文化的比较研究”(编号:71810107002)的资助。

摘　　要：本文从动态视角切入,解析正式制度改善速度与个体机会型创业选择之间的关系,提出制度改善速度会产生两种相反的效应:一方面会打破原有均衡,创造新的创业机会;另一方面也会增加不确定性,增加机会型创业的成本与失败风险。同时,制度改善速度的影响也取决于个体特征,那些更富冒险精神和网络资源的个体将更愿意追逐创业机会,也更易受环境不确定性的影响。通过匹配GEM数据库和其他宏观数据库,本文构建了一个包含79个国家及地区2009~2015年465097个个体的跨层分析数据库,对以上理论假设进行检验。研究发现正式制度改善速度与个体的机会型创业选择呈倒U型关系,而上述关系对于失败恐惧较低、拥有创业网络连接的个体更为显著,为本文观点提供了支持。上述发现将动态制度基础观引入了创业研究,建立了动态制度变化影响创业活动的理论逻辑,有力解释了中国渐进式市场化改革下创业活动活跃的现实。Viewing from a dynamic perspective,this paper analyzes the relationship between the speed of formal institu­tional improvement and individuals'opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship(OME).We propose that the speed of in­stitutional improvement will produce two opposite effects:It will break the original market equilibrium and create new entrepreneurial opportunities on the one hand;however,it will also increase uncertainty as well as the costs and possibility of failure of entrepreneurship on the other hand.Moreover,the implications of the speed of institu­tional improvement also depend on individual characteristics.Those individuals have a much more adventurous spir­it and network resources will be more willing to pursue opportunities and more susceptible to environmental uncer­tainty.We merge data from GEM surveys and other macro databases for 79 countries from 2009 to 2015.Our re­sults,which are based on a multilevel model,find that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the speed of formal institution improvement and individuals'OME.Our findings also suggest that this relationship is more pronounced for individuals who are not afraid of failure and who have entrepreneurial network connections.This paper introduces the dynamic institution-based view into entrepreneurial research,establishes the theoretical logic of how dynamic institutional changes affect entrepreneurial activities,and strongly explains the reality of ac­tive entrepreneurial activities under the gradual market-oriented reform in China.

关 键 词：制度改善速度 机会型创业 失败恐惧 创业网络连接 

分 类 号：F279.1[经济管理—企业管理]