北京市自我报告学习困难初中生心理健康状况  

Mental health status of students with self-reported learning disabilities in Beijing

作　　者：胡真 宫孟和 张起生 刘庆文 高晋 崔倩倩[6] 魏岑 周红艳 邓丽萍 翟胜男 马东 宋宇 孔庆梅[13] 杨兴华 余小鸣[1] 朱广荣[1] HU Zhen;GONG Menghe;ZHANG Qisheng;LIU Qingwen;GAO Jin;CUI Qianqian;WEI Chen;ZHOU Hongyan;DENG Liping;ZHAI Shengnan;MA Dong;SONG Yu;KONG Qingmei;YANG Xinghua;YU Xiaoming;ZHU Guangrong(Institute of Child and Adolescent Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing(100191),China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院/儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191 [2]北京市铁路第二中学 [3]北京市昌平区百善学校 [4]北京市昌平区第四中学 [5]北京市昌平区回龙观育新教育集团华电附中 [6]北京市大峪中学 [7]北京市大峪中学分校 [8]北京市密云区大城子学校 [9]北京市清河中学 [10]北京市第四中学 [11]北京市中关村中学 [12]北京市西城外国语学校 [13]北京大学精神卫生研究所 [14]首都医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第10期1547-1551,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度优先关注课题项目(AEEA18009)。

摘　　要：目的了解北京市学习困难学生心理健康状况,为改善学习困难学生心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,选取北京市11所公立普通初中初一、初二年级全体在籍学生共5 787名作为调查对象。采用自行设计的调查问卷对调查对象进行匿名自填式问卷调查,了解学生学习困难和心理健康状况。结果有11.6%的学生自我报告有学习困难,其中数学推理困难和数学计算困难的学生占比较高,分别为44.1%和40.7%。学生心理健康问题的报告率为38.3%。10个因子平均分排名前4位的分别是强迫症状(2.19±0.77)分、学习压力(2.17±0.99)分、情绪不稳定(2.09±0.90)分、焦虑(2.07±1.08)分。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,与非学习困难学生相比,自我报告学习困难学生的心理健康状况较差(OR=1.47),且学习困难与心理健康大多数因子相关,不同的学习困难类型与不同的心理健康因子相关。结论与非学习困难学生相比,学习困难学生的心理健康状况较差。应大力加强学习困难学生的心理健康帮扶工作,提高心理健康水平。Objective Understanding mental health status of students with learning disabilities in Beijing to provide a basis for mental health promotion of students with learning disabilities. Methods By means of random cluster sampling,5 787 enrolled students in grade one and grade two of 11 public junior middle schools in Beijing were selected as the survey subjects. A selfdesigned questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ learning disabilities and mental health status through anonymous selffilling. Results About 11. 6% students self-reported learning disabilities. The proportions of students with learning difficulty in mathematical reasoning and calculation were higher,44.1% and 40.7% respectively. The reported rate of mental health problems was 38.3%. The top four of the 10 symptoms were obsessive-compulsive symptoms,learning pressure,emotional instability and anxiety( 2.19±0.77)( 2.17±0.99)( 2.09± 0.90)( 2.07± 1.08). Compared with students without learning disabilities,students with self-reported learning disabilities had poorer mental health status( OR = 1.47),and learning disabilities were related to most factors of mental health. Different types of learning disabilities were associated with different mental health factors. Conclusion Mental health problems of students with learning disabilities are higher than that of students without learning disabilities. It is necessary to strengthen the mental health support for students with learning disabilities and improve their mental health.

关 键 词：学习障碍 精神卫生 健康状况 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：G444[哲学宗教—心理学] G627.8[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]