北京市中高考学生2009—2018年视力不良现况与趋势  

Analysis of trend of low vision of students in the middle and high school entrance examination in Beijing from 2009 to 2018

作　　者：李伟铭 郭秀花 宋玉珍[2] 吴立娟 陶丽新 段佳丽[3] LI Weiming;GUO Xiuhua;SONG Yuzhen;WU Lijuan;TAO Lixin;DUAN Jiali(School of Public Health,Capital Medical University/Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生学院临床流行病学/北京市重点实验室,北京100069 [2]北京市教育委员会 [3]北京市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第9期1292-1294,1298,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81602909,81530087);北京市教委委托项目(PXM2018_014226_000026,PXM2019_014226_000006)。

摘　　要：目的了解2009—2018年北京市中考及高考生视力不良情况与发展趋势,为科学预防学生视力不良提供依据。方法对北京市2009—2018年中、高考学生体检视力检测结果进行统计分析,北京市中、高考生体检时间为每年3月份,分析中、高考生视力不良检出率趋势以及不同区县间视力不良率的差异。结果北京市2009—2018年中考生、高考生视力不良率处于上升趋势,平均视力不良率分别为86.07%,76.36%。2018年中、高考生重度近视不良检出率较2017年增长16.39%,18.64%。重度近视不良率明显上升,而轻、中度近视不良趋于稳定。中考生视力不良率以西城区(84.75%)、朝阳区(84.03%)最高,高考生视力不良率以丰台区(91.17%)、东城区(89.82%)最高。结论北京市中、高考学生视力不良检出率稳定上升,其中重度近视不良上升最为明显。视力保护健康教育对学生具有重要意义,应加强中、高考学生视力保护的广泛干预。Objective To investigate the status and trend of low vision of junior and senior high school students in Beijing from 2009 to 2018,and to provide evidence for myopia prevention.Methods Data came from the results of physical examination of eyesight in 2009-2018 in Beijing,which were cdlected among juncor and senior high school students in March every year.Detection rate of low vision of students and the difference across different districts and counties were analyzed.Results From 2009 to2018,the rate of low vision of high school and college entrance examination students in Beijing was on the rise,with the average rate of low vision of 86.07% and 76.36% respectively.Similar trend was found in the rate of high myopia( 16.39% and 18.64%,respectively),while that of light and medium myopia tends to be stable.The highest rate of low vision among junior middle school students was in Xicheng( 84.75%) District and Chaoyang District( 84.03%),and for high middle school students,the highest rate of myopia was found in Fengtai District( 91.17%) and Dongcheng District( 89.92%).Conclusion In Beijing,the detection rate of low vision of middle school and college entrance examination students increased steadily,especially the high myopia.The health education of eyesight protection is of great significance to students.It is necessary to strengthen the extensive intervention of eyesight protection in middle and college entrance examination students.

关 键 词：视力 低 患病率 学生 流行病学研究 高等学校入学考试 

分 类 号：G478[文化科学—教育学] G778.1[文化科学—教育技术学]