柏拉图技艺理论的本质、内核、分类 及艺术学启示  

Essence,Core Concepts and Categories of Plato's Theory of Teche(art)Their Relevance for the Study of Arts

作　　者：孙晓霞[1] SUN Xiao-xia(Chinese National Academy of Arts,Beijing,100029)

机构地区：[1]中国艺术研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《艺术百家》2020年第4期15-21,共7页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学后期资助项目“古希腊至18世纪的艺术体系演进史”(项目编号:19FYSB001)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：在柏拉图思想图谱中,技艺是人类生存技能与理性知识的会合点,它以理念为终极目标,引导世人不断追求各种专业知识的理论化,构成了一套实操性经验与演绎性理论交织的知识之网。柏拉图的技艺理论中一方面暗含着学术分科意识;另一方面则暗示出一切知识受理性精神的召引。学科化、理论化、系统化的思想因子,推动着从“大艺术”到“小艺术”的概念变迁。更重要的是,这一理论化的思维模式延宕到后世的艺术概念中,不断调整着自由艺术与机械艺术的学科领地和知识特征,最终以18世纪“美的艺术”概念和美学学科的诞生为标志,“自由艺术”与“机械艺术”的二元对立被超越,现代艺术体系得以确立,艺术学科走向自主。直至20世纪初年,现代艺术概念、体系与学科模式传入中国,从而成为中国现代艺术学发展的重要参照。对柏拉图技艺理论的本质构成、思想根源、理论内核及分类体系的考察,揭示出其技艺论的内核就是逻各斯精神,并且这种精神正是推动艺术实践追求确定性知识和体系化发展的中介性存在,这是西方艺术与科学分化并走向理论化、学科化、体系化的思想因子和哲学性宿命。In Plato's philosophical system,techne(art)represents the meeting point of human survival skills and ra-tional knowledge.Ideas are the ultimate goal of techne,which leads mortals to the continuous pursuit of a theory for all forms of expertise-a process that produces a web of knowledge through the weaving of practical experience and deductive thought.The study of what constitutes the structural essence,the theoretical roots,the core concepts and taxonomic system of Plato's theory of technCreveals that at the heart of such theory lies the logos,and that its central concern is the promotion of both the search for reliable knowledge in the practice of arts and the systematic develop-ment of their intermediary role.Here we find the point of separation between Western arts and sciences;here are the cognitive factors and philosophical determinations which lead toward theorizations,the rise of intellectual disciplines and theoretical systematizations.

关 键 词：柏拉图技艺概念 学科之源 逻各斯 中介性质 艺术学科化 

分 类 号：J0[艺术—艺术理论]