全面抗战时期大后方大学教师和学生生活水平结构研究  

A research on the distribution of the living standard of the faculty and the students in universities in the rear areas during the Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：张铭雨 ZHANG Mingyu(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期222-230,共9页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2019NTSS42);国家社会科学基金一般项目(15BZS073)。

摘　　要：全面抗战时期,受战时通货膨胀影响,大后方大学教师和学生群体的生活水平迅速下降,但与真正意义上的"赤贫阶层"尚有距离,决定大学教师和学生生活水平的关键要素相比战前已发生变化。战前大学教师的生活水平结构与教师职级、教育水平紧密相关,而战时大后方大学教师的生活水平结构则受到薪金、兼职、家庭负担等多方面因素的共同制约。战前大学生的主体是社会中间阶层出身的子弟,校园内的生活水平结构呈"橄榄型",战时大后方大学校园内的生活水平结构则截然二分为富裕和清贫学生两部分,清贫学生成为学生群体中的主体。全面抗战时期大后方大学教师和学生生活水平结构的变化,既有战时客观因素的制约,也受到国民政府相应教育政策的影响。During the Anti-Japanese War,the living standard of the faculty and the students in universities in the rear areas was rapidly declined due to wartime inflation,but they were not the"destitute class"yet,and the key elements that determine the living standard of faculty and students were also changed comparing to the pre-war period.Faculty’s distribution of the living standard before the war was closely related to their ranks,titles,and degrees,while their distribution of the living standard during wartime in the rear areas was constrained by many factors including salary,part-time job,and family burden.Prior to the war,the majority of university students were coming from middle-class families,and the distribution of the living standard on campus was"olive-shaped";however,during the wartime,the distribution of the living standard in university campuses in the rear areas was poles apart:the rich and the poor students,and the poor students became the majority.During the wartime,the changes in faculty and students’distribution of the living standard in universities in the rear areas were not only constrained by objective factors but also influenced by related educational policies of the Nanjing National Government.

关 键 词：抗战时期 大后方 大学教师 大学生 生活水平 

分 类 号：G649.29[文化科学—高等教育学]