我国东、中、西部地区护理工作环境及护士职业承诺的差异及相关性研究  

Differences and correlations of nursing environments and occupational commitment across the eastern,central and western regions in China's Mainland

作　　者：胡慧秀[1] 孙超[1] 李欣[1] 孙可 王蕾[1] 王霞[1] 王雪莲[1] Hu Huixiu;Sun Chao;Li Xin;Sun Ke;Wang Lei;Wang Xia;Wang Xuelian(Department of Nursing Administration,the National Geriatric Centre,Beijing Hospital,Beijing,100730,China;Director's Office,the National Geriatric Centre,Beijing Hospital,Beijing,100730,China)

机构地区：[1]北京医院国家老年医学中心,中国医学科学院老年医学研究院护理部,北京100730 [2]北京医院国家老年医学中心,中国医学科学院老年医学研究院院长办公室,北京100730

出　　处：《现代临床护理》2020年第7期1-8,共8页Modern Clinical Nursing

基　　金：北京医院院内科研课题,项目编号为bj-2018-040。

摘　　要：目的了解我国东、中、西部地区护理工作环境和护士职业承诺的差异,并进一步分析两者的相关性。方法按照我国“东中西三大经济地区的划分”,采取便利抽样法,选取三大区域内共6大省市11所三级医院的2196名护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、护理工作环境量表和护士职业承诺量表进行问卷调查。结果我国东、中、西部地区护理工作环境得分分别为33~124(92.44±17.59)分、31~124(94.73±14.51)分、31~124(91.83±14.05)分;其护士职业承诺得分分别为26~120(78.32±20.87)分、24~120(87.44±13.72)分、40~114(85.12±11.41)分,三个地区间护理工作环境得分及护士职业承诺得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为7.196,66.055,均P<0.001),分别进行两两比较结果显示,中部地区护士对护理工作环境的认可程度最高(P<0.05),东部地区护士的职业承诺水平最低(P<0.001)。三个地区护理工作环境得分最低的维度为“充足的人力和物力”,其次是“护士参与医院事务”;护士职业承诺得分最低的维度为“机会承诺”和“情感代价承诺”。Pearson相关分析结果显示,三个地区护理工作环境与护士职业承诺呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论护理工作环境和护士职业承诺存在地域差异,中部地区护士对护理工作环境的认可程度最高,东部地区护士的职业承诺水平最低。东部地区护士由于工作量繁重、工作压力大、工作家庭冲突程度较重等原因造成对护理工作环境的认可度和护士职业承诺水平较低。提示护理管理者应通过合理配置护理人力资源、鼓励临床护士参与医院事务、给予护理人员更多关怀等措施创建支持性的健康护理工作环境,从而提高护士职业承诺水平,稳定护理队伍。Objective To investigate the status and differences of nursing environment and occupational commitment across the eastern,central and western regions in China's Mainland and further analyze the correlationship between them.Methods A total of 2,196 nurses from 11 medical centers in six provinces or cities across the three regions were engaged in the investigation by general information questionnaire,nursing environment scale and occupational commitment questionnaire.Results The scores of nursing environments across the three regions were 33-124(92.44±17.59),31-124(94.73±14.51)and 31-124(91.83±14.05),respectively.The scores of occupational commitment across the regions were 26-120(78.32±20.87),24-120(87.44±13.72)and 40-114(85.12±11.41),respectively.There were significant differences across the regions between the nursing environment and occupational commitment(F=7.196 and 66.055,P<0.001,respectively).The recognition of nursing in the central region on nursing environment was the highest and the occupational commitment was the lowest(P<0.001).The dimension of"sufficient manpower and material resources"in nursing environment was scored the lowest,following by the dimension of"nurses'involvement in hospital affairs".The dimensions of"opportunity commitment"and"emotional cost commitment"in occupational commitment were scored the lowest.Pearson analysis showed that the nursing environment was significantly positively correlated with occupational commitment(P<0.01)in the three regions.Conclusions There are differences in nursing environments and occupational commitment across the eastern,central and western regions in China's Mainland:the level of recognition on nursing environment among the nurses in the central region is the highest.The level of occupational commitment in the eastern China is the lowest and the levels of recognition on nursing environments and occupational commitment are lower in the eastern region only because of overload of nursing work,higher work pressure and work-induced family conflicts.The

关 键 词：护理工作环境 职业承诺 经济区域 护理管理 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]