二氧化碳浓度升高对陆地生态系统的影响:问题与展望  

Impacts of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on terrestrial ecosystems:problems and prospective

作　　者：冯兆忠 李品 张国友 李征珍 平琴 彭金龙 刘硕 FENG Zhao-Zhong;LI Pin;ZHANG Guo-You;LI Zheng-Zhen;PING Qin;PENG Jin-Long;LIU Shuo(School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2020年第5期461-474,共14页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDB-SSW-DQC019)。

摘　　要：理解生态系统对过去、现在和未来CO2浓度变化的响应,对于在生态进化的时间尺度上认识和预测全球变化的后果至关重要。过去三十多年来CO2浓度升高相关的科学问题主要集中在对植物生长和生产力的影响,碳氮周转,生态系统渐进式氮限制(PNL)形成,与其他胁迫因子(O3污染、氮沉降、升温、干旱)之间的交互作用等方面。尽管生态学家在数据累积、基础理论上取得了一定进展,但是仍然存在较大不确定性和大量未知有待解决。该文探究了近30年来CO2浓度升高对陆地生态系统影响研究的国际研究进展、重点领域及热点,回顾了CO2浓度升高对植物影响的模拟实验研究发展,重点论述了CO2浓度升高对粮食产量及品质、碳固定、水分利用效率、生态系统氮利用和土壤微生物响应等国际前沿动态研究中存在的主要问题与不足,在此基础上展望了未来研究中值得关注的前沿研究方向。Characterizing ecosystem responses to past,present and future changes in atmopsheric carbon dioxide(CO2)concentration is critical for understanding and predicting the consequences of global change over evolutionary and ecological timescales.Over the past two decades,CO2 studies have provided great insights into the effects of rising CO2 concentration on plant growth and productivity,carbon-nitrogen turnover,the formation of progressive nitrogen limitation(PNL)in ecosystems,and the interaction between elevated CO2 concentration and other envrionmental factors(O3 pollution,N deposition,warming and drought).However,scaling CO2 effects across wide spatial and temporal scales,especially at belowground part,has many uncertainties.Here we explore major research areas and hotspots of CO2 studies on plants and ecosystems from 1990 to 2018,and review the development of manipulated experiments in the field of elevated CO2 impacts.In detail,we discussed the states of art in five international frontiers research directions:crop yield and quality,carbon fixation,water use efficiency,ecosystem nitrogen use and soil microorganism.Finally,we identify several topics and research outlooks to facilitate further developments in the field of CO2 effects on ecosystems.

关 键 词：CO2浓度升高 陆地生态系统 碳固定 氮利用 水分利用效率 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X16