四川丘陵旱地春玉米穴灌播种机配套农艺措施研究  

Study on agronomic measure of spring maize hole irrigation sowing in hilly dry land of Sichuan Province

作　　者：石恺 王小春[1] 陈诚[1] 蔡金雄 蒲甜 张黎骅 杨文钰[1] SHI Kai;WANG Xiaochun;CHEN Cheng;CAI Jinxiong;PU Tian;ZHANG Lihua;YANG Wenyu(School of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an Sichuan 625014,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学机电学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2020年第10期81-88,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209);国家玉米产业体系专项资助项目(CARS-02-29);四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0051-2)。

摘　　要：为解决四川丘陵旱地季节性干旱和播种环节工序多、费工费时等问题,创新研制玉米播种与穴灌一体化播种机,进一步提升机具使用效果,实现农机农艺融合,在穴灌播种机播种条件下设置翻耕时期(A1:冬耕;A2:春耕)和覆膜与否(B1:覆膜;B2:不覆膜)两项关键技术,以生产中常用抽水浇灌播种(CK)为对照,分析不同农艺措施对春玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率影响。结果表明,与抽水浇灌播种相比,穴灌播种节约灌溉用水80%同时,水分利用效率、产量显著提高12.80%、12.16%。在穴灌播种条件下,翻耕时期和覆膜与否对水分利用效率、玉米生长及产量均有显著影响,其中,冬耕、覆膜处理水分利用效率、产量分别较春耕和不覆膜处理显著提高14.27%、10.47%和8.72%、13.10%;冬耕与覆膜处理显著提高春玉米苗期缺水条件下土壤含水量与地温,显著提高出苗率;冬耕、覆膜处理较春耕和不覆膜处理0~20 cm土层根系分布量显著增加4.49%和2.36%,冬耕处理较春耕处理根干重无显著差异,覆膜处理较不覆膜处理根干重显著增加44.85%;冬耕、覆膜处理较春耕和不覆膜处理地上部干物质积累量显著提高7.19%和9.83%。相关性分析表明,土壤环境与玉米出苗率、地上、地下部生物量积累和产量均呈极显著正相关。四川丘陵旱地春玉米穴灌播种条件下,保证出苗,利于植株生长,实现增产增效,需配套冬耕与覆膜两项农艺措施。In order to solve the problems of seasonal drought,multiple sowing procedures and time-consuming in the Sichuan hilly dry land,an integrated maize sowing and hole irrigation sowing was developed,so as to further improve the use effect of the machine and realize the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy,the experiment set the ploughing period(A1:winter tillage;A2:spring tillage)and film mulching(B1:film covering;B2:no film),with the pumping and sowing(CK)commonly used in production as a control to analyze the effects of different agronomic measures on spring maize growth,yield and water use efficiency.The results showed that compared with pumping irrigation,the water use efficiency and yield of hole irrigation sowing were significantly increased by 12.80%and 12.16%while saving 80%of irrigation water.Under the condition of hole irrigation sowing,the water use efficiency,maize growth and yield were significantly affected by tillage period and plastic film mulching.The water use efficiency and yield of winter tillage and plastic film mulching treatment were 14.27%,10.47%and 8.72%and 13.10%higher than those of spring tillage and no film mulching treatment,respectively;winter tillage and film mulching treatment significantly increased the soil water content and earth temperature under the condition of spring maize seedling water shortage,and the emergence rate was significantly improved;the root distribution of 0-20 cm soil layer in winter tillage and plastic film mulching treatment was significantly increased by 4.49%and 2.36%compared with spring tillage and no film mulching treatment.The winter ploughing treatment had no significant difference compared with spring ploughing root dry weight,and the root dry weight of plastic film mulching treatment was significantly increased by 44.85%compared with that of no plastic film mulching treatment;the aboveground dry matter accumulation of winter ploughing and mulching treatment was significantly increased by 7.19%and 9.83%compared with spring ploughing and nonf

关 键 词：玉米 穴灌 翻耕时期 覆膜 产量 水分利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]