文化距离如何影响跨国战略联盟的形成——基于交易成本视角的解释  

How Cultural Distance Affects the Formation of Strategic Alliance:An Explanation of the Transaction Cost Theory

作　　者：熊名宁[1] 汪涛[1] 赵鹏[1] 王魁 刘秀君 Xiong Mingning;Wang Tao;Zhao Peng;Wang Kui;Liu Xiujun(Economics and Management School,Wuhan University;Research Center for Organizational Marketing of Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院 [2]暨南大学管理学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2020年第5期145-158,共14页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71532011)资助。

摘　　要：企业的国际化经营面临诸多交易成本,进而对其战略联盟决策产生较大影响。本研究聚焦导致交易成本产生的一个关键因素——文化距离,基于交易成本理论,考察了文化距离对战略联盟形成的影响及其作用机制,并以非大陆资本企业在中国风险投资产业的投资为背景进行实证分析。研究发现,文化距离和企业战略联盟可能性之间存在一种倒U型关系,而这一关系由战略联盟的需求性和可行性两种相反机制共同导致。本文讨论了企业社会嵌入和企业社会声誉对这一关系的调节作用,揭示了二者间复杂关系的作用边界。The international operation of enterprises suffer from many transaction costs,which will have a greater impact on their strategic alliance decisions.This research focuses on cultural distance,a key factor leading to transaction costs.Based on transaction cost theory,it examines the impact of cultural distance on the formation of strategic alliances and its mechanism:cultural distance increases the transaction costs of multinational companies’overseas operations.On the one hand,it will generate motivation and willingness to negotiate and establish cooperative relations with local enterprises(i.e.alliance demand);on the other hand,it must consider whether there is the ability and opportunity to negotiate and formulate contracts with host country enterprises(i.e.alliance feasibility).Multinational corporations decide whether to adopt a strategic alliance decision by weighing the relationship between the alliance feasibility and alliance demand.And it makes an empirical analysis based on the investment of foreign companies in China’s venture capital industry.The study found that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between cultural distance and the possibility of strategic alliances,and this relationship is caused by two opposite mechanisms of strategic alliances`demand and feasibility.At the same time,it further discussed the moderating role of multinational corporations’social embeddedness and social reputation in the host country.Specifically,social embeddedness will alleviate the transaction costs of cultural distance.On the one hand,the influx of rich information will weaken the demand for alliances with host country enterprises.On the other hand,the reduction of communication and control costs will reduce the uncertainty risk of alliance behavior and enhance the decision-making ability of enterprises.And different sources of information can expand the alliance opportunities of enterprises,which strengthen the feasibility of alliances with enterprises in the host country.Social reputation will allevi

关 键 词：文化距离 战略联盟 社会嵌入 社会声誉 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理] F272[经济管理—国民经济] G05[文化科学]