单亲家庭小学生自我意识、社会期望和社交焦虑的相关性  

Self-awareness,social expectation and social anxiety in primary school students from single-parent families

作　　者：朱智佩 方黎 裘建萍 李泽兵[1] 周国权[1] 谢红涛[1] 鲁威 ZHU Zhipei;FANG Li;QIU Jianping(Shanghai Putuo District Mental Health Center(Shanghai),Shanghai 200065,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市普陀区精神卫生中心,200065 [2]上海市浦东新区南汇精神卫生中心 [3]上海市普陀区人民医院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2020年第10期1518-1523,共6页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题面上项目(编号:201640151)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨单亲家庭小学生的社交焦虑水平在其自我意识与社会期望之间的相关关系。方法:2018年9月-2018年12月在上海某区5所小学进行问卷调查,筛选单亲家庭157名2~5年级小学生,采用儿童社交焦虑量表、儿童社会期望量表和儿童自我意识量表进行评定,并进行相关分析与中介效应分析。结果:①不同学校小学生在三方面的程度上有显著差异(χ^2=14.826,19.443,31.035;P<0.05);性别对自我意识程度高低有显著性差异(χ^2=6.392,P<0.05),且焦虑因子得分差异有显著性(t=2.783,P<0.05);是否独子在社交焦虑程度(χ^2=6.225,P<0.05)及得分(t=2.133,P<0.05)上均有显著性差异;②自我意识各维度与儿童社交焦虑(r=-0.504,P<0.01)及各因子(r=-0.486,-0.236;P<0.01)均呈显著负相关;儿童社会期望与儿童社交焦虑(r=-0.340,P<0.01)及各因子呈显著负相关(r=-0.293,-0.179;P<0.05),与自我意识除躯体外貌与属性因子外均呈显著正相关(P<0.05);③多元逐步线性回归分析显示儿童社交焦虑和儿童自我意识合群因子是儿童社会期望的影响因素(P<0.01);社会期望在合群和社交焦虑之间起部分中介效应。结论:单亲家庭小学生自我意识、社会期望和社交焦虑的关系密切,社会期望受合群因子、社交焦虑的影响。Objective:To explore the correlation between the level of social anxiety of primary school students from single-parent families and their self-consciousness and social expectation.Methods:From September,2018to December,2018,aquestionnaire survey was conducted on 157pupils from grade 2to grade 5from single-parent families in 5primary schools in a district of Shanghai.The children's social anxiety scale,children's social expectation scale and children's self-consciousness scale were used for evaluation,and correlation analysis and mediating effect analysis were conducted.Results:①There were significant differences in the degree of pupils from different schools in three aspects(χ^2=14.826,19.443,31.035;P<0.05);Gender had significant differences in the degree of self-awareness(χ^2=6.392,P<0.05),and the scores of anxiety factors had significant differences(t=2.783,P<0.01).There were significant differences in the degree(χ^2=6.225,P<0.05)and scores of social anxiety(t=2.133,P<0.05)among single children.②Each dimension of self-awareness was negatively correlated with children's social anxiety(r=-0.504,P<0.01)and each factor(r=-0.486,-0.236,P<0.01);Children's social expectation was negatively correlated with children's social anxiety(r=-0.340,P<0.01)and various factors(r=-0.293,-0.179,P<0.05),and positively correlated with self-consciousness except physical appearance and attribute factors(P<0.05).③Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis shows that children's social anxiety and children's self-conscious social group factor were the influencing factors of children's social expectation(P<0.01);Social expectations were part of the mediating effect between social bonding and social anxiety.Conclusion:There is a close relationship between self-consciousness,social expectation and social anxiety in primary school students from single-parent families.

关 键 词：单亲家庭 小学生 自我意识 社会期望 社交焦虑 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]