元代西北诸“二十四城”释疑——从巩昌二十四城谈起  

Twenty-Four Cities in the Northwest of the Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：胡小鹏[1] 杨帆 HU Xiao-peng;YANG Fan(College of History and Culture,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730070,PRC)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期76-83,共8页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代北方游牧民族与中原农耕民族交融史研究”(17ZDA176);甘肃省宣传文化系统高层次人才自主选题项目。

摘　　要：元代巩昌二十四城,并非实指,而是一个统称或习称。这一称呼的形成可能有两个源头:其一,从史学结合文化人类学的角度考察,巩昌二十四城之外,还有唐兀惕二十四城(京兆等处二十四城)、火州“贰拾肆个城子”、(脱思麻)二十四城的用法,它们分别对应的是阔端王位下和安西王忙哥剌位下、畏兀儿亦都护位下、西平王奥鲁赤位下。“二十四城”相当于一个首领代表的完整的地方政治集团,用“二十四城”指称某王位下或封地,是草原文化传统,其渊源可上溯至匈奴时代的“二十四长”制。其二,从陕西地方史的角度考察,巩昌二十四城之称或许是特殊时期由宋金陕西五路之地习称“二十四州军”变异而来。两个源头可能共同作用形成了巩昌二十四城的说法。The 24 cities of Gongchang in the Yuan Dynasty were actually referred to a general name or a habitual name.The formation of this name may have two sources.First,from the perspective of history and cultural anthropology,the 24 cities of Gongchang were not only the 24 cities of Taugut(the 24 cities of Jingzhao and other places),the 24 cities of Huozhou(Erjijiyichao)and(Teshima),which corresponded to the throne of Godan,the 24 cities of Anxi and the Iduq-qut of Uihur,and Aoluch who is the prince of Xiping separately.It is also known as the“Twenty-Four Cities”,which is equivalent to a complete local political group represented by a leader.The use of“twenty-four cities”for referring to a certain kingdom or fiefdom is a cultural tradition of the grasslands,the origin of which can be traced back to the“twenty-four chiefs”of the Huns period.Second,from the point of view of local history in Shaanxi,the name of 24 cities in Gongchang may be a variation of the name“24 states army”from the five roads in Shaanxi in the Song and Jin Dynasties.Thus,the two sources may have worked together to form the name of 24 cities of Gongchang.

关 键 词：元代 巩昌总帅府 二十四城 匈奴二十四长 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]