我国R&D经费投入规模、强度的比较研究  

A comparative study on the scale and intensity of R&D investment in China

作　　者：胡林元 徐婕[1] 邓大胜[2] Hu Lin-yuan;Xu Jie;Deng Da-sheng(National Academy of Innovation Strategy,CAST,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科协创新战略研究院,北京100038 [2]中国科协创新战略研究院调查统计中心,北京100038

出　　处：《今日科苑》2020年第8期27-38,76,共13页Modern Science

摘　　要：研究与试验发展(R&D)经费投入是衡量国家(区域)核心竞争力、社会经济发展和技术进步的关键指标。本文分析了1990-2017年我国R&D经费投入规模和投入强度的变化特征,并选取主要发达国家美国、德国、英国、法国、日本、韩国,以及发展中国家印度、巴西等来进行比较。研究发现,我国R&D经费规模自20世纪90年代起持续增长,尤其在进入21世纪以后,R&D经费总支出快速提升,始终保持稳步增长的态势。同时,我国R&D经费投入规模和投入强度存在显著的区域差异。另外,虽然目前我国R&D经费投入总量已位居世界第二位,增长率世界第一,但与美、日、韩等创新型国家相比,我国人均R&D经费规模和R&D经费投入强度还有待提高。因此,为深入实施创新驱动发展战略,推进科技强国建设必须要继续提高R&D经费投入,加强经费投入强度,因地制宜,完善R&D经费投入机制。R&D investment is a key indicator to measure the core competitiveness,socio-economic development,and technological progress of a country(region).This paper analyzes the changing characteristics of the scale and intensity of R&D investment from 1990 to 2017 in China,and selects the main developed countries,such as the United States,Germany,the United Kingdom,France,Japan,the newly industrialized countries South Korea,as well as the developing countries India and Brazil,to conduct a comparative study and find out that the total R&D expenditure has increased rapidly and kept a steady growth trend.At the same time,there are significant regional differences in the scale and intensity of R&D investment in China.In addition,although the total amount of R&D investment in China has ranked the second in the world and the growth rate is the first in the world,compared with the innovative countries such as the United States,Japan and South Korea,China's per capita R&D investment scale and R&D investment intensity need to be improved.Therefore,in order to implement the innovation driven development strategy and promote the construction of a powerful country with science and technology,we must continue to increase the R&D investment,strengthen the intensity of the investment,and improve the R&D funding mechanism according to local conditions.

关 键 词：R&D经费投入规模 R&D经费投入强度 国际比较 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]