日本频获诺贝尔自然科学奖的影响因素分析  

An analysis of the contributing factors to Japan′s successes in winning Nobel Prize in natural sciences

作　　者：赵晋平 单谷 刘绮霞[3] Zhao Jinping;Shan Gu;Liu Qixia(School of Foreign Language,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Japan Science and Technology Agency,Tokyo 1028666,Japan;School of Economics,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]日本科学技术振兴机构,日本东京1028666 [3]中南财经政法大学经济学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《科研管理》2020年第10期125-133,共9页Science Research Management

基　　金：湖北省技术创新专项软科学研究项目:“湖北省对日科技创新合作机制的构建与路径研究”(2019ADC086,2020.01—2021.06);武汉理工大学博士科研配套经费:“基于科技的视角看日本学研究”(40120424,2017.12—2020.12)。

摘　　要：在中国科技的巨大进步为世界有目共睹的同时,如何培养世界级学者成为困扰我国科学界的重要课题。世界级学者的培养和形成受诸多因素的影响,邻国日本频获诺贝尔自然科学奖的经验为我们提供了很好的借鉴。本文通过分析日本政府的科研体制机制改革的动向,并聚焦日本科学技术振兴机构的科研管理机制和所资助的战略型基础研究的案例,得出了有助于世界级学者脱颖而出的科研经费制度、伯乐型评审专家和具有鉴别人才和技术能力的专业型科研管理人员的存在、跟踪式服务等因素对于日本频获诺贝尔自然科学奖起着不可或缺作用的结论。本文提出,今后我国除了制定明确的世界级人才培养战略目标之外,需要加大设置战略型基础研究项目的力度,尝试导入伯乐型项目负责人为核心的管理制度,对基础研究项目实施弹性化、跟踪式管理,打造能挖掘高潜力人才和技术的专业化科研管理人员队伍。While the rapid progress of China′s science and technology has attracted great international attention, the subject of how to train world-class scholars remains an important one that plagues China′s scientific community. The process of cultivating world-class scholars is affected by many factors, and the experiences of neighboring countries frequently receiving Nobel Prizes in natural sciences provide us with good references. This article analyzes trends in the Japanese government′s scientific research system and mechanism reforms, and focuses on JST′s scientific research management mechanism and the funding of strategic basic research. Factors such as the existence of professional scientific research managers with the ability to identify talent and technologies, and effective tracking services, appear to play key roles in Japan′s frequent wins of Nobel Prizes in natural sciences.For the training of world-class scholars in my country in the future, this article proposes the following policy recommendations:First, implement top-level design of the scientific research system. Normalize the working mechanism of the inter-ministerial joint meeting of the National Science and Technology Program Management, gather government leaders, entrepreneurs with business achievements, and experts and scholars with academic attainments, so as to better focus on major issues, strengthen collective decision-making, and form a joint management force. Top-level design and implementation of innovation-driven development strategies play a central role. At the same time, according to the world′s scientific and technological development direction and China′s scientific research advantages, the cultivation of world-class scholars as a clear strategic goal is written into the scientific and technological plan according to the research field.Second, increase the intensity of setting up strategic basic research projects. Under the guidance of the government, track and analyze new trends in domestic and foreign technological inn

关 键 词：诺贝尔自然科学奖 科研管理机制 战略型基础研究 伯乐型项目负责人 专业型科研管理人员 

分 类 号：C961.9[经济管理—人力资源管理]