糖尿病患者膳食营养现况调查与分析  

Survey on Dietary Nutrition Intake of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

作　　者：吴尚灵 隋昳[1] 方仕[1] 李延兵[1] 卢味[1] 叶艳彬[1] WU Shangling;SUI Yi;FANG Shi;LI Yanbin;LU Wei;YE Yanbin(The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510010,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第一医院,广东广州510010

出　　处：《现代医院》2020年第10期1517-1521,共5页Modern Hospitals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(编号:81202197)。

摘　　要：目的了解广州市某三甲医院2型糖尿病住院患者膳食营养现况,为2型糖尿病患者合理膳食,预防糖尿病相关并发症的发生提供科学依据。方法采用半定量97条目食物频率问卷法对2型糖尿病患者过去一年,的膳食营养状况进行调查,并以中国营养学会推荐的最新版膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)和平衡膳食宝塔为依据评价患者的膳食情况与各营养素的摄入情况。结果本研究共纳入981例糖尿病患者,其中女性410例,男性571例。研究对象的平均年龄为(62.53±9.94)岁,平均糖尿病病程为(8.13±6.65)年。蛋白质、胆固醇、维生素B3、铁和锰摄入量均达到了100%DRIs;总能量摄入量和碳水化合物基本达到75%DRIs;膳食纤维和钙的摄入量仅达到30%DRIs。蔬菜和水产品均达到了100%推荐量;畜禽类女性的日均摄入量为(104.66±44.76) g/d,男性为(136.05±62.85) g/d均远超膳食指南推荐量;谷薯类、蛋类和豆类基本达到70%推荐量;全谷物和杂豆类、薯类、水果和奶类的日均摄入量仅达到30%推荐量。结论 2型糖尿病患者营养摄入欠合理,全谷物和杂豆类、薯类、水果和奶类摄入不足畜禽类摄入过量,需要进一步加强患者的营养教育和膳食指导。Objective To investigate the dietary nutrient intake status among Guangzhou patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM) and provide nutritional recommendations for diabetes-related complications prevention. Methods A 97-item semiquantitative,food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary information during the previous year.The dietary status of patients with T2DM was evaluated based on the latest version of the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes( DRIs) and the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society. Results The study included981 diabetes patients( 410 females and 571 males). The mean age was( 62. 53 ± 9. 94) years,and the mean T2DM duration was( 8. 13 ± 6. 65) years. Average daily intake of protein,cholesterol,vitamin B3,iron and manganese met 100% of DRIs,and total energy intake and carbohydrate intake basically met 75% of DRIs,but dietary fiber and calcium intake were only met 30% of DRIs. Vegetables and seafood met 100% of the recommended amount. The intake of livestock and poultry was( 104. 66 ± 44. 76) g/day for females and( 136. 05 ± 62. 85) g/day for males,both exceeding the dietary guidelines recommended intakes. The intakes of cereals,eggs and beans reached 70% of the recommended amount,but whole grains and mixed beans,tubers,fruits and dairy products only reach only 30% of the recommended amount. Conclusion The nutritional intake of patients with T2DM in Guangzhou is not reasonable as the intake of whole grains,mixed beans,tubers,fruits and dairy products was insufficient,and the intake of livestock and poultry was excessive. Therefore,the nutritional education should be further strengthened.

关 键 词：2型糖尿病 膳食营养 食物频率法 现况调查 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R58[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]