《孟子》“鸡豚狗彘”并称考——兼论上古汉语家畜的称举法  

A Study on the Combined Terms of Ji(鸡)Tun(豚)Gou(狗)Zhi(彘)in Mencius:An Introduction to the Way of Listing Domestic Animals in Classical Chinese

作　　者：方一新[1] 王云路[1] FANF Yi-xin;WANG Yun-lu(Center for Studies of History of Chinese Language/School of Humanities/Institute of Classic Books,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心/古籍所/中文系,杭州310058

出　　处：《语言研究》2020年第4期72-82,共11页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语词汇通史”(14ZDB093)。

摘　　要：《孟子·梁惠王上》"鸡豚狗彘之畜",有学者对"豚"是什么,"鸡豚狗彘"的表述是否合理提出质疑。经过查考传世文献与出土文献后发现:"鸡豚狗彘"仅仅指猪、狗、鸡三种牲畜,符合上古汉语牲畜并称的规律和古人行文习惯。传统释"豚"为小猪,"彘"为大猪(成年的猪),并无问题。而"鸡豚狗彘"之类的表述,则宜看作是一种习惯表达。On the phrase Ji(鸡)Tun(豚)Gou(狗)Zhi(彘)Zhi(之)Xu(畜)from the classic Mencius-King Hui(惠)of Liang(梁),some scholars have questioned the meaning of the word Tun(豚)and whether the expression Ji(鸡)Tun(豚)Gou(狗)Zhi(彘)is reasonable.After examining the hereditary and excavated documents,it is found that the combined terms Ji(鸡)Tun(豚)Gou(狗)Zhi(彘)only refers to three kinds of animals:pig,dog and chicken.It is in line with the tradition of the ancient Chinese language of referring to several types of domestic animals together.The traditional interpretation of Tun(豚)as a piglet and Zhi(彘)as a full-grown pig is fine.The phrase Ji(鸡)Tun(豚)Gou(狗)Zhi(彘)should be regarded as a customary expression.

关 键 词：鸡豚狗彘 豚 上古汉语 家畜 连用并称 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]