数学学习困难学生解决减法问题的策略选择研究  

A Study on Strategy Choice of Students with Mathematics Learning Difficulty in Solving Subtraction Problems

作　　者：白秋萌 曲可佳 刘岩 BAI Qiumeng;QU Kejia;LIU Yan(School of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian,116029;Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Children and Adolescents,Healthy Personality Assessment and Cultivation,Dalian,116029)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029 [2]辽宁省儿童青少年健康人格评定与培养协同创新中心,大连116029

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2020年第10期37-43,共7页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅人文社科研究项目“测试在问题解决学习中的效果、影响因素及促进研究”(编号:WJ2020008);教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“双内容样例的学习效果及促进研究(编号:15YJC190017)”的研究成果。

摘　　要：采用有/无选择法,考察了五年级数学学习困难学生在减法问题解决中的策略选择特点及问题难度的影响。结果发现:(1)数困生在解决减法问题时更多选择借位策略,普通学生更多选择分解策略;(2)数困生解决减法问题的策略执行弱于普通学生,相比于普通组,数困组计算减法问题的正确率更低、反应时更长;(3)数困生的减法问题策略选择未受问题难度的影响,在简单和复杂材料中,数困组均更多选择借位策略;(4)问题难度影响数困生解决减法问题的策略执行,与解决简单问题相比,数困组解决复杂问题的正确率更低、反应时更长。本研究结果表明,数困生解决减法问题时的策略选择不同于普通学生,策略执行有效性差,且策略选择具有相对固化的特点。In the study the choice/no-choice method was used to investigate the characteristics of strategy choice and the effect of problem difficulty on subtraction problem solving of Grade 5 students with mathematics learning difficulty(MD).The results showed that:1)in solving subtraction problems,the MD group chose borrowing strategies more,while the ordinary group chose decomposition strategies more;2)the strategy execution of MD students was weaker than that of ordinary students.The accuracy rate of calculating subtraction problems in the MD group was significantly lower than that in the ordinary group.The response time was significantly longer than that in the ordinary group;3)the strategy choice of MD students did not change with the difficulty level of the problems.In both simple and complex materials,they chose borrowing strategies more;4)problem difficulty affected the strategy execution of MD students.The correct rate of solving complex problems in the MD group was significantly lower than that in solving simple problems.The response time was significantly longer than that in solving simple problems.The results suggest that the strategy choice of MD students is different from that of ordinary students in solving subtraction problems.The effectiveness of strategy execution of MD students is low and their characteristics of strategy choice is relatively fixed.

关 键 词：数学学习困难 减法问题 策略选择 策略执行 问题难度 

分 类 号：R849[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]