中国专利法传统资源来源披露的制度构建——以中医药传统知识为对象  

The System Construction of Traditional Resources Source Disclosure in Patent Law of China:Taking Traditional Chinese Medicine Knowledge as the Object

作　　者：严永和[1] 刘勇军 YAN Yonghe;LIU Yongjun(Shool of Law,South-Central University for Nationalities,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Henan University of Engineering,Zhengzhou 451191,China)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学法学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]河南工程学院人文社会科学学院,河南郑州451191

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2020年第10期1167-1175,共9页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“中医药传统知识保护专门制度研究”(16ZDA236)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：来源披露制度是专利法保护遗传资源、中医药传统知识等传统资源的一项防御性保护制度。从合法性基础、国际趋势和经济效用等各个层面分析,中国专利法可以设置中医药传统知识的来源披露制度。中国专利法规定了遗传资源的来源披露,但没有规定中医药传统知识的来源披露。中国专利法在传统资源来源披露制度上尚存在缺陷,包括披露范围,价值标准、制度模式和权利属性等。在中国专利法中设置中医药传统知识来源披露制度构想包括:披露范围,包括遗传资源和传统知识;价值目标,包括保护中医药传统知识持有人的正当权益和促进中医药传统知识的推广利用:制度模式,为披露中医药传统知识来源以及事先知情同意和惠益分享证明的许可证披露模式;基本原则,包括充分公开原则和经济高效原则;制度内涵,包括权利主体、义务主体和权利内容等。The source disclosure system is a defensive protection system of the patent law to protect genetic resources,traditional Chinese medicine knowledge and other traditional resources.Analyzing from various levels such as legality basis,international trends,economic utility and others,patent law can be set up a source disclosure system for traditional Chinese medicine knowledge in China.China’s patent law stipulates the source disclosure of genetic resources,but does not stipulate the source disclosure of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge.Chinese patent law has many defects in the source disclosure system of traditional resource,including:disclosure scope,value standard,system mode and right attribute,etc.The concept of setting up the source disclosure system of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge in our country’s patent law are as follows,including:the disclosure scopes include genetic resources and traditional knowledge;the value objectives include protecting the legitimate rights and interests of holders of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge and promoting the popularization and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge;the institutional models are the disclosure model of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge sources,prior informed consent and benefit-sharing certificates;the basic principles include the principle of full disclosure and the principle of economic efficiency;the system connotations include the subject of rights,the subject of obligations and the content of rights.

关 键 词：专利法 中医药法 传统资源 中医药传统知识 来源披露 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]