玄儒兼治与角色重塑——转型中的魏晋士人理想人格  

The Combination of Metaphysics and Confucianism and Role Remolding—The Ideal Personality of Scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties

作　　者：徐雪野 XU Xue-ye(School of Philosophy,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期79-84,共6页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国优秀传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展研究”(2015MZD014)。

摘　　要：魏晋时期,中国经历着巨大的社会变迁,随着儒家名教的衰落,知识分子所追求的内在理想人格也得以重塑——发生了从君子到名士的转变。他们不得不解构曾经的信仰,建立一种新的思想体系,玄学应运而生。通过整合,玄学调和了儒道两家的思想,使得儒道合流,玄儒兼治思想逐渐兴盛起来。但儒道本身存在的巨大差异,使魏晋士人主观思想上充满了矛盾,表现为一种“在儒而非儒,非道而有道”的矛盾人格。从社会背景、学理依据、具体表现、最终旨归四个方面呈现出魏晋时期士人理想化人格从形成到发展的过程。这一过程符合历史客观规律,反映了魏晋士人并蓄儒道的思想接受过程。魏晋士人的人格特征是儒道兼综的。玄儒思想在不同时期体现的对立融合状态,以及前后相承的内在贯穿性,揭示了魏晋时期儒道思想渗透交织的流变。During the Wei and Jin Dynasties,China witnessed great social changes,during which the de⁃cline of the Confucian feudal ethics led to a remodeling of the inner ideal personality pursued by the intellectu⁃als:in place of a man with noble character,a learned scholar became the main pursuit of that time.They had to deconstruct their previous beliefs and establish a new ideological system,which gave birth to metaphysics.Through integration,metaphysics reconciled the thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism,merged them,and thus the complementarity of both metaphysics and Confucianism gradually flourished.However,the great differences between Confucianism and Taoism made the thoughts of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties full of contradic⁃tions,which showed a contradictory personality of“Confucianism but not Confucianism,not Taoism but Tao⁃ism”.This paper discusses the process ranging from the formation to the development of the idealized personal⁃ity of the scholars from the four aspects of social background,theoretical basis,specific performance and ulti⁃mate goal,and tries to give an explanation that conforms to the objective law of history.Focusing on the ideo⁃logical acceptance process of the scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,it also tries to show the opposition and integration of metaphysics and Confucianism in different periods.Through the internal penetration of the former and the latter,this paper reveals to a certain extent the infiltration and interweaving of Confucianism and Tao⁃ism in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

关 键 词：玄学 儒学 魏晋士人 人格重塑 

分 类 号：B821[哲学宗教—伦理学]