天津城市热岛强度的精细化时空分布特征研究  

Analysis of Fine-scale Spatial and Temporal Characteristicsof Tianjin Urban Heat Island Intensity

作　　者：孟凡超[1] 黄鹤[1] 郭军[1] 张雷[2] 熊明明[1] 李晓波 MENG Fanchao;HUANG He;GUO Jun;ZHANG Lei;XIONG Mingming;LI Xiaobo(Tianjin Climate Center,Tianjin 300074,China;National Meteorological Information Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Tianjin Meteorological Observation Center,Tianjin 300074,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市气候中心,天津300074 [2]中国气象局国家气象信息中心,北京100081 [3]天津市气象探测中心,天津300074

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第9期1822-1829,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0606302);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42005129);国家自然科学基金项目(41775078)。

摘　　要：以天津市为例,利用2009—2017年自动气象观测站逐时气温资料,应用相对客观的遥感选站方法,选取市区周围有代表性的4个乡村参考气象站,分析了天津市城市内部热岛强度(UHII)的精细化时空变化特征,并评估了城市热岛效应对最高、最低和平均气温的影响。结果表明,(1)9年来,天津市中心六区为UHII最强区域,并由强热岛区向四周辐射,市中心的绿地和水体对UHII的增强具有一定的缓解作用;UHII冬季最强,市区达到2.0℃以上,秋季次之,夏季和春季较弱,且具有秋、冬季向东部扩展的季节变化特征。(2)年和四季平均UHII日变化较为相似,均表现为夜间强,白天弱,且具有相对稳定的高值、低值和两个快速变化时段。22:00(北京时间,下同)到次日06:00为相对稳定的高值时段,11:00—16:00左右为相对稳定的低值时段,而16:00—22:00为快速上升时段、06:00—11:00为快速下降时段。(3)城市热岛效应对日最低气温的影响大于对日最高气温的影响,城乡最低气温差值可达2℃以上,平均气温差值在1.0℃以上,而最高气温几乎没有差异。文章还表明,目前天津市自动气象站网能够满足对城市气候的精细变化特征分析研究的需求,对于连续监测本地气候变化具有重要作用。该文章不仅能为减缓城市热岛效应的政策制定提供理论依据,也能为开展城市规划低碳化工作提供科学参考。Based on a relatively objective standard of remote sensing station selection and the hourly temperature data of automatic weather stations from 2009 to 2017,the four rural weather stations around urban center were selected to analyze the variation characteristics of the urban heat island Intensity(UHII)in Tianjin.The spatial and temporal characteristics of UHII were analyzed and its impact on the maximum temperature(tmax),minimum temperature(tmin)and mean temperature(tmean)was evaluated in this paper.Our data showed that,(1)The area of the six districts in urban center was the strongest UHII area in Tianjin in the past 9 years,which expanded to the surrounding continuously.The green spaces and water bodies in the city center have a certain mitigation effect on the enhancement of UHII.The strongest UHII occurred in the winter,followed by that in the autumn,and weak in the summer and spring,which had a seasonal variation characteristic of autumn and winter spreading to the east of city.(2)The annual and seasonal variation of the UHII were nearly synchronic,and were characterized by two steadily stages and two fast changing stages,i.e.,a steadily strong UHII stage from 22:00(Beijing time,the same below)to 06:00 the next day,a steadily weak UHII stage from 11:00 to 16:00,while the periods of 16:00 to 22:00 and 06:00 to 11:00 undergoing a rapid rise and decline of the UHII stage,respectively.And(3)the impact of urban heat island(UHI)effect on the tmin was greater than the tmax.The difference of the tmin can reach above 2℃in high UHII season(i.e.autumn and winter)and the difference of the tmean was more than 1.0℃between urban and rural areas,and that of the tmax was almost not affected.This paper also shows that the automatic meteorological station network of Tianjin can meet the needs of the fine variation characteristics analysis in urban climate,and it plays an important role in continuous monitoring of local climate change.This study not only provides a theoretical basis on control strategies for mitigating UHI

关 键 词：天津市 城市热岛强度 自动气象站 乡村参考站 时空分布特征 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]