碳同位素自然丰度分析在土壤生态系统碳动态研究中应用  

Application of Natural Abundance Carbon Isotope Analysis in Carbon Dynamicof Soil Ecosystem: A Review

作　　者：姜懿珊 罗春玲[1] 张干[1] JIANG Yishan;LUO Chunling;ZHANG Gan(State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry/Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所/有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]中国科学院大学,北京110049

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第9期1920-1926,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省“珠江人才计划”创新研究课题(2017BT01Z134);广东省科学技术部基金项目(2016TQ03Z938)。

摘　　要：土壤是人类赖以生存的重要全球资源。陆地生态系统土壤有机碳相对微小的动态变化,都将导致整个土壤层有机碳库绝对量的巨大变化,继而引起与大气碳交换加剧,最终与全球气候变化产生交互影响。碳同位素技术对碳素在自然生态系统中的迁移动态具有很好的示踪作用,在农林生态系统转换、污染物源解析等生态学和环境科学领域中广泛应用。在自然生态系统中,原位的碳同位素自然丰度分析相比实验室培养示踪实验,具有更加真实反映自然环境下土壤碳动态变化的优势,是目前唯一可以解决土壤有机碳较长时间尺度,十年至千年尺度动力学过程的工具。随着加速质谱(AMS)检测技术的成熟,低浓度的单体化合物放射性碳同位素分析(CSRA)可以更加精准直接的反映土壤碳循环中核心成分的碳动态。这种分子水平的放射性碳同位素测定技术能够揭示出土壤碳同位素组成的异质性,为解释土壤有机碳的来源、迁移和转化等提供了新型的手段。文章简要总结了目前碳同位素自然丰度分析在土壤碳动态研究中可以解决的科学问题以及在土壤有机碳和微生物量碳动态研究中的研究进展,展望了其在开展土壤生态学研究中的前景。未来研究中需结合碳同位素自然丰度分析,在大尺度时间和空间范围内开展土壤剖面上的碳动态的研究,尤其是针对认识缺乏的深层土壤碳动态开展长期生态学实验研究。Soil is the key global resource that human depends for survival.A tiny variance of soil organic carbon dynamic in terrestrial ecosystem will lead to huge difference on absolute amount of organic carbon stock in the whole soil.This would result in serious carbon exchange with the air and mutual influence with global climate change ultimately.Carbon isotope analysis is a good tracer of carbon migration in natural ecosystems which was widely applied in conversion of ecological and environmental researches.For example,agro-forestry conversion ecosystems,source analysis of pollutants and so on.In natural ecosystems,natural abundance carbon isotope analysis in situ could show true soil carbon dynamic in natural environment better than laboratorial culture experiments,and is the only measurement to solve the dynamic process of soil organic carbon in decade to millennium scale.Development of accelerator mass spectrum(AMS)makes low level compound-specific radiocarbon analysis(CSRA)come true,reflecting the carbon dynamic of core components in soil carbon cycling directly and precisely.This molecular level radiocarbon analysis can reveal the heterogeneity of soil carbon isotope,which provides a new approach to understand the soil organic carbon source,migration and transformation.In this article we concluded the solving scientific problems,research progress of natural abundance carbon isotope analysis in soil organic carbon and microbial carbon dynamic,and prospect in soil ecology.Soil carbon dynamic of soil profiles in longer time and larger space scale,could be achieved by the natural abundance carbon isotope analysis,especially the long-term ecological experimental research to improve the lacking understanding of deep soil carbon dynamics.

关 键 词：碳同位素技术 自然丰度分析 土壤碳动态 土壤微生物量碳动态 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]