香蕉-尖孢镰刀菌互作机理及抗病育种研究进展  

Research Progress in the Mechanisms of Banana-Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense Interaction and Genetic Improvement for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt

作　　者：吴元立[1] 杨乔松[1] 李春雨[1] 黄秉智[1] 董涛[1] 盛鸥[1] 毕方铖[1] 邓贵明[1] 胡春华[1] 高慧君[1] 窦同心[1] 何维弟 刘思文 易干军[1] WU Yuanli;YANG Qiaosong;LI Chunyu;HUANG Bingzhi;DONG Tao;SHENG Ou;BI Fangcheng;DENG Guiming;HU Chunhua;GAO Huijun;DOU Tongxin;HE Weidi;LIU Siwen;YI Ganjun(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第11期32-41,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000302);广东省农业科技创新及推广项目(2017LM2148,2018LM2150,2016LM2148);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)-人才项目(R2017PYJX001);广东省自然科学基金(2016A030313774)。

摘　　要：由土壤真菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(Foc)引起的香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病是全世界范围内严重威胁香蕉生产的毁灭性病害。目前已发现Foc的4个生理小种。20世纪70年代,Foc 1号生理小种造成我国华南地区的龙牙蕉和粉蕉种植园大面积发病;90年代中后期,在广东省的香牙蕉种植园发现Foc 4号生理小种,并且迅速向其他香蕉产区蔓延。目前,国内各香蕉主产区均有报道发生Foc 4号生理小种引起的香蕉枯萎病,该病已成为制约我国香蕉生产的最主要因素。对香蕉枯萎病菌侵染过程以及香蕉枯萎病致病机理、抗性机制、抗病品种选育、抗性种质筛选及抗病性鉴定、防治等多个领域取得的研究进展进行了概述,并对今后研究方向进行了展望,主要包括:(1)在继续研究已有抗病品种对Foc TR4抗性的同时,要进一步深入研究Cavendish对Foc 1号生理小种的抗性;(2)利用已经建立的香蕉CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术体系,获得香蕉枯萎病抗病品种,并进一步应用寄主植物诱导的基因沉默技术(HIGS)获得更加持久稳定的抗病性;(3)将已经建立的香蕉试管苗离体水培系统应用于香蕉-Foc互作研究。Global banana production is severely threatened by Fusarium wilt,which is caused by soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(Foc).Currently,four races of Foc have been recognized based on their pathogenicity to different host cultivars.In the 1970s,Longyajiao(Musa AAB Silk)and Fenjiao(Musa ABB Pisang Awak)plantations in South China were infected by Foc race 1.In the middle and late 1990s,Foc race 4 was found in Guangdong’s Xiangyajiao(Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup)plantations and spread to other banana production areas.At present,Fusarium wilt disease caused by Foc race 4 was reported in most banana production areas of China and it has become the major constraint of banana production in China.The research progress in infection process,pathogenicity mechanisms,resistance mechanisms,breeding and selection of disease-resistant variety,screening of resistant germplasm,resistance identification and control of Fusarium wilt are reviewed.In the next few years,the research directions mainly include:(1)Not only the GCTCV-Foc TR4 interaction(quantitative resistance)but also Cavendish-Foc race 1 interaction(qualitative resistance)should be further studied.(2)Fusarium wilt-resistant banana lines are anticipated to be obtained by using the modified CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system.And sustainable and stable resistance to Foc will be pursued by using the technology of host-induced gene silencing(HIGS).(3)The established in vitro hydroponic system of banana plantlet will be used to study banana-Foc interaction.

关 键 词：香蕉 镰刀菌枯萎病 致病机理 抗性机制 抗病品种选育 抗病性鉴定 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]