矿区复垦林地生态修复无人机监测研究  

Study on ecological restoration of reclaimed forest land in mining area based on UAV monitoring

作　　者：陈秋计[1] 朱小雅 侯恩科[2] 李继业 杭梦如 CHEN Qiuji;ZHU Xiaoya;HOU Enke;LI Jiye;HANG Mengru(College of Geomatics,Xi′an University of Science and Technology,Xi′an 710054,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi′an University of Science and Technology,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2020年第10期192-197,共6页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程资助项目(2011KTZB01-02-04);陕北煤矿区水资源保护与利用及生态重建关键技术研究与示范资助项目(2018SMHKJ-A-J-03)。

摘　　要：在生态文明时代背景下,建设绿色矿山已经成为国家战略,是矿产资源开发实现发展转型的重要途径和必然要求,为及时快速地获取矿山生态环境信息,制定差异化的管护措施,提升绿色矿山建设能力,成为当前迫切需要解决的技术问题。以某露天矿近期复垦的林地为试验区,采用无人机技术获取生态环境数据,基于Agisoft PhotoScan软件制作高分辨率正射影像,利用ENVI软件计算无人机影像的可见光波段差异植被指数,基于Crop Science工具提取复垦苗木的数量、冠幅、长势等信息,利用ArcGIS研究相关指标的空间分布状况,然后基于热点分析工具,对苗木长势进行空间聚类。研究结果表明:根据植被指数值的统计,试验区的苗木长势存在较大的空间差异,需要采取针对性的管护措施;基于Crop Science的单木指标统计结果,复垦苗木栽植密度、数量及规格与设计要求基本相符。试验区的植被覆盖度较低,后期还需加大维护力度;结合热点计算结果,试验区的苗木健康状况存在显著统计学意义的高值空间集聚区和低值空间集聚区所采用的研究方法和技术在矿区生态恢复监测应用中具有可行性。Under the background of ecological civilization era,the construction of green mines has become a national strategy,which are important way and inevitable requirement for the development and transformation of mineral resources exploitation.Timely and rapidly obtaining mine ecological environment information,putting forth differentiated management and protection measures to enhance the capacity of green mine construction,have become the urgent technical problems to be solved.One reclamation area of an open pit is taken as the research area,UAV technology is used to obtain ecological environment information and make high-resolution orthophoto image based on software of Agisoft PhotoScan,then Visible-band Difference Vegetation Index(VDVI)of UAV image is calculated based on software of ENVI,and information of reclaimed seedlings quantity,crown width and health status are extracted based on Crop Science tools,and the spatial distribution of related indicators are analyzed by using Arc GIS,finally,spatial cluster of seedling growth is carried out based on hot spot analysis tools.It is found that there are great spatial differences about vegetation growth in reclamation areas,so it is necessary to take targeted management and protection measures.Seedling planting density,quantity and specifications are basically consistent with the design requirements.The vegetation coverage is low,and the maintenance should be strengthened in the later stage.The research results provide important references for the green mine construction,evaluation,check and accept.The research results show that the research methods and techniques adopted in this paper are feasible for the ecological environment monitoring in mining areas,and the work will continue to do in the future to help the construction of ecological civilization in mining areas.

关 键 词：无人机 矿区生态 精准农业工具 复垦林地 

分 类 号：TD173.3[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]