重新审视罗尔斯道德哲学与政治哲学的分野  

Rawls' Distinction between Moral and Political Philosophy:In Defense of Political Liberalism

作　　者：董礼 Dong Li

机构地区：[1]潍坊学院马克思主义学院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2020年第10期100-108,128,共10页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“公共哲学:罗尔斯与哈贝马斯对话研究”(15CZX037)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：由于对道德与政治关系的不同理解,后期罗尔斯的政治自由主义将政治哲学从道德哲学中分离出来。罗尔斯通过对传统契约论的修正、对道德建构主义的脱离以及对自由主义理念的重构来论证政治自由主义的政治哲学。道德与政治之间的现实互动反映在理论上,必然涉及道德哲学与政治哲学之间的复杂张力。罗尔斯政治自由主义的道德基础通过“重叠共识”“公共理性”和“正当优先于善”的理念得以体现,反映了道德哲学对政治哲学的支持,只是这种支持并非一种形而上学条件。政治自由主义作为一种政治哲学,在罗尔斯那里与道德哲学是相容与互补的关系。重新反思罗尔斯道德哲学与政治哲学的分野具有重要意义。Like all great thinkers,the philosophy of John Rawls changed and developed over time,and this is nowhere more clearly seen than in his writings on the relationship between morality and politics where,different from early Rawls,later Rawls separates political philosophy from moral philosophy in the realm of political liberalism.There,he justifies the political philosophy of political liberalism by revising traditional contract theory,refuting moral constructivism,and reconstructing the ideas of liberalism.This paper argues that the actual and intense interaction between morality and politics is reflected in the complex tension between moral and political philosophy,as this is reflected in later Rawls.He writes that the moral basis of political liberalism is justified by overlapping consensus,public reason,and“the priority of the right over the good”,which announces the non-metaphysical support of moral philosophy for political philosophy.Because political liberalism is a kind of political philosophy,it is compatible with and complementary to moral philosophy,and this is of great significance for rethinking the important distinction between them.

关 键 词：道德哲学 政治哲学 分野 

分 类 号：B712.5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]