甘肃省敦煌市学生、教师和医务人员核辐射风险认知调查  

Survey on perception on nuclear and radiation risk of students,teachers and medical personnel in Dunhuang City,Gansu Province

作　　者：杨海燕[1] 王延俊 王赟[1] 孙卫[1] 王洁[1] 张涵宇 王芳[1] 雷翠萍[2] 邬家龙[1] YANG Haiyan;WANG Yanjun;WANG Yun;SUN Wei;WANG Jie;ZHANG Hanyu;WANG Fang;LEI Cuiping;WU Jialong(Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730000 China;China Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2020年第4期387-390,394,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11765003)。

摘　　要：目的了解甘肃省敦煌市高中学生、教师和医务人员对核辐射风险的认知状况,为开展核辐射相关健康教育项目打好基础。方法2018年7月采用抽样问卷调查方式,调查核辐射的风险认知状况、专业知识了解情况和居民相关知识了解途径。结果共收集有效问卷550份,其中学生300人,教师50人,医务人员200人。对于10个辐射认知问题的正确率,女性高于男性;年龄段越高,知晓率越高;教师的认知水平整体高于医务人员和学生;教育程度越高,认知水平越高;城镇居民的认知水平高于乡镇居民。在政府信任度方面,学生、教师和医务人员对中央政府的处理突发核事故的能力信心远高于本地政府;26.33%学生、40%教师、42%医务人员很少能了解到核辐射相关知识,92.67%的学生、94%的教师、98%的医务人员非常希望了解核辐射信息;在获取核辐射知识途径方面,学生、教师和医务人员首选讲座和大型科普展览;最信任的核辐射知识来源信息是专家。结论调查对象对核与辐射知识的认知程度较低,应该加强相关宣传教育。通过专家讲座、大型科普展览进行核辐射宣传和核能科普教育是一个有效的途径。Objective To investigate the perception status on the risk of nuclear radiation of some high school students,teachers and medical personnel in Dunhuang City,Gansu Province,so as to make preparation for carrying out nuclear radiation related health education programs in the future.Methods In July 2018,random sampling questionnaires were used to investigate the risk perception and knowledge about nuclear radiation,basic personal information,and the way to get relevant information.Results A total of 550 valid questionnaires were collected,including 300 students,50 teachers and 200 medical staff.The correct rate of the 10 radiation perception questions was higher in females than in males.The higher the age,the higher the awareness rate.the perception level of teachers is higher than that of medical staff and students.The higher the education level,the higher the cognitive level.The perception level of urban residents is higher than that of rural residents.In terms of government trust,students,teachers and medical staff have much higher confidence in the central government’s ability to deal with the sudden nuclear accidents than local governments.26.33%of the students,40%of the teachers and 42%of the medical staff seldom know the knowledge about nuclear radiation.92.67%of the students,94%of the teachers and 98%of the medical staff want to know the information about nuclear radiation..In terms of the mean to acquire nuclear radiation knowledge,students,teachers and medical staff preferred lectures and large-scale science exhibitions.The most trusted sources of nuclear radiation knowledge are experts.Conclusion The relevant publicity and education should be strengthened to improve respondents’nuclear and radiation knowledge.It is an effective way to carry out nuclear and radiation publicity and science education through expert lectures and large-scale popular science exhibitions for respondents.

关 键 词：辐射 认知 学生 教师 医务人员 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]