劳动者集体行动的私法诠释--基于劳动合同履行的考察  

Interpretation of Industrial Actions in the View of Private Law——Based on Performance of Labor Contract

作　　者：高建东 Gao Jiandong(School of Law,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《山东工会论坛》2020年第6期79-86,共8页Shandong Trade Unions＇ Tribune

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目“城市安全发展中促进和谐劳动关系的法治机制研究”(项目编号:18YJC820019);天津市教委科研计划项目“重大劳资矛盾的应急管理与纠纷解决机制研究”(项目编号:2018SK128)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着权利意识的膨胀和非正式规则的强化,劳动者通过集体形式维权的行动在脱离传统公力救济之下演化为私力救济。基于劳动合同履行的抗辩来审视劳动者的集体行动,无论是情势变更原则中的劳动合同变更,还是雇主未履行义务时的劳动留置权,都使其具有私力救济的可能性。同时,劳动者权利实现的受制约性决定了其只能限于法的思维世界内和权利实现的紧迫情形之中。从私力救济边界的制度化来看,对劳动者集体行动进行有效的规制,应当厘清劳动者的第一性权利与集体行动边界的关系,采取类型化与一般条款相结合的方式,在法律技术层面遵循体系化和可操作性的要求,通过法律政策考量和制度创新,促进劳动者集体行动理性规则秩序的建立。With the expansion of rights awareness and the strengthening of informal rules,the collective rights protection actions of laborers have evolved into private relief without the traditional public relief.To examine the industrial action based on the defense of the performance of the labor contract,whether it is the change of the labor contract in the principle of change of circumstances or the labor lien when the employer fails to perform its obligations,it has the possibility of private relief.At the same time,the restriction of the realization of labor rights determines that it can only be limited to the world of legal thinking and the urgent situation of rights realization.From the perspective of the institutionalization of the boundary of private relief,effective regulation of industrial action should clarify the relationship between the workers’first rights and the boundaries of industrial action,and adopt a combination of typology and its general terms.The legal technical level follows the requirements of systematization and operability,and promotes the establishment of rational rules and order of industrial action through legal policy considerations and system innovation.

关 键 词：劳动者集体行动 劳动合同 私力救济 制度化 

分 类 号：D912.5[政治法律—民商法学]