路径依赖与路径创造:中国养老保险制度变迁逻辑  

Path Dependence and Path Creation: The Change Logic of China’s Pension Insurance System

作　　者：封铁英[1] 高鑫[1] Feng Tieying;Gao Xin(School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2020年第5期58-67,共10页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新型城镇化背景下社会养老服务体系包容性发展研究”(项目编号:17AJL015)。

摘　　要：文章基于路径依赖与路径创造理论对中国养老保险制度的变迁提出了具体分析框架,并将养老保险制度历史沿革划分为"国家—企业"养老保障时期、"统账结合"的基本养老保险制度主导时期和多支柱养老保险制度自主创新时期三个阶段,在此基础上解释其变迁逻辑。研究发现,中国养老保险制度变迁呈现路径依赖与路径创造共生互动特征;身份隔离、单支柱模式是消极路径依赖的体现,对更高社会统筹层次的追求是积极路径依赖的体现;在环境诱导与组织者推动共同作用下,中国养老保险制度经历了引入个人账户与追求多支柱模式两次重大路径创造;公平性不足与结构失衡是其正面临的两大难题。文章认为,提高基本养老保险统筹层次,厘清国家、企业与个人的责任与权利,推动多支柱养老保险制度发展是解决问题的关键。The problems of the pension insurance system are closely related to its history. Based on the path dependence theory and the path creation theory, this study constructs a specific analytical framework and divides the historical evolution of the pension insurance system into three periods, including the "national-enterprise" pension security period, the period dominated by the basic pension insurance system that combines the social pool and individual accounts, and the period of innovative development of the multi-pillar pension system.This study aims to explain the change logic of the pension insurance system, and some important findings are as follows:First, the change of China’s pension insurance system presents characteristics in which path dependence not only shares a symbiotic relationship with path creation, but also interacts with it.Second, long-term identity isolation and single-pillar model are the manifestation of negative path dependence, and the pursuit of national pooling is the manifestation of positive path dependence.Third, under the joint effect of institutional environment changes and organizational promotion, China’s pension insurance system has undergone major path creation twice.Fourth, China’s pension insurance system is facing mainly the problems of unfairness and structural imbalance. Improving the social pooling level, clarifying the responsibilities and rights of the State, enterprises, and individuals, and promoting the development of a multi-pillar pension insurance system is the key solutionfor these problems.

关 键 词：养老保险 制度变迁 逻辑 路径依赖 路径创造 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]