青年人和老年人加工情绪图片过程中的注意偏向:眼动研究  

Older Adults are More Positive in Processing Emotional Images: Evidence from Eye Movements

作　　者：王敬欣[1] 谢芳[1] 张阔[2] Wang Jingxin;Xie Fang;Zhang Kuo(Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300074;Department of Social Psychology,Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300074 [2]南开大学政府学院社会心理学系,天津300071

出　　处：《心理学探新》2020年第4期325-330,共6页Psychological Exploration

摘　　要：利用眼动追踪技术,考察了老年人与青年人加工情绪图片过程中的注意偏向及再认成绩。给被试同时呈现积极、中性及消极情绪图片,分为注意和记忆两部分任务。基于线性混合模型的分析发现,与青年人相比,老年人表现出对积极图片更大的注意偏向,且在随后的再认过程中对积极情绪图片的再认正确率更高。结果支持了社会情绪选择理论,说明中国老年人同样存在"积极效应",情绪加工过程中能够通过选择偏爱的积极情绪信息来适应老化。The term ‘positivity effect’ is defined as an age-related increase in the preference for positive over negative information in attention and memory.While the PE effect is well-documented with participants from Western cultures,some studies have questioned the consistency,size,and reliability of the positive effect,and there is debate concerning whether this effect is present in Eastern cultures.To further investigate this issue,the present study in an eye movement experiment and a recognition test to investigate biases for positive emotional information between younger and older participants in China participants.In the eye movement test,the results showed that when presented pleasant,unpleasant and neutral pictures simultaneously,both age groups showed preference to emotional pictures in early and late attentional process phase and the preference to positive pictures is larger than to negative ones.In the memory test,the data pattern is consistent with the eye movement data.Both older and younger participants had a greater accuracy for pleasant pictures compared with unpleasant pictures,but the magnitude of this effect was larger for older participants.These results altogether suggest that both age groups showed a preference to orient to and process pleasant pictures,but there were some age-related differences in how they allocated attention during the task.

关 键 词：老年人 眼动 情绪偏向 积极效应 社会情绪选择 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]