人工智能对就业安全的影响及应对  

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment Safety and Countermeasures

作　　者：郝英好[1,2] 王昊 龚振炜[1,2] HAO Ying-hao;WANG Hao;GING Zhen-wei(China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology,Beijing 100041,China;CETC Research Center for Development and Strategy,Beijing 100041,China;China Agricultural University,Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电子科学研究院,北京100041 [2]中国电科发展战略研究中心,北京100041 [3]中国农业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《中国电子科学研究院学报》2020年第10期936-943,976,共9页Journal of China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology

摘　　要：就业是最大的民生。而人工智能对就业的影响和冲击越来越受到全社会关注。已有研究往往聚焦于理论与宏观探讨,缺乏对普通劳动者认知的调查分析。本研究通过问卷调查,从自身认知的角度分析了人工智能对普通劳动者就业、收入的影响,研究发现普通劳动者对于人工智能就业影响的认知存在"双重性"与"复杂性":劳动者确实担忧人工智能对就业的冲击,但并不认为人工智能的影响都是负面的;同时,劳动者也不是被动的旁观者,能够积极地适应技术变革,试图从中获利,并提出应从宏观、微观等多方面应对冲击。因此,国家的制度与政策应从社会保障、教育、劳动时间等方面,推动劳动者的积极自我适应,以应对人工智能发展对就业带来的影响。Employment remains the top priority for people’s livelihood.As a result,the impact brought by artificial intelligence on employment is receiving increasing spotlight from the society.Previous studies usually focus on theories and general discussions while ignoring investigational analysis on ordinary laborers’cognition.This study carries out analysis on the impact of artificial intelligence on ordinary laborers’employment and incomes by questionnaire surveys from the perspective of personal cognition,and the study found that"duality"and"complexity"are present in cognition of ordinary laborers on the impact of artificial intelligence on employment:it is a fact that the laborers exhibit concerns about the impact of artificial intelligence on employment,however,they also hold that not all the impacts brought by artificial intelligent are negative and unfavorable;in the meantime,laborers are not just passive spectators,as they are capable of adapting to transformations in technology and striving to benefit from them;in addition,they also proposes the concept of dealing with the impacts on macro and micro level.Therefore,the systems and policies formulated by the government should be required to facilitate positive self-adaption of the laborers in a variety of aspects ranging from social security,education as well as working time,so that they can be well adapted to the impacts caused by the development of artificial intelligence on employment.

关 键 词：就业 人工智能 劳动者 调查 社会保障 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] F249.2[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]