鲜食马铃薯种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits in Fresh Potato Germplasm Resources

作　　者：孙邦升[1] 刘喜才[1] 宋继玲[1] 刘春生[1] 杨梦平[1] 韩冰[2] SUN Bang-sheng;LIU Xi-cai;SONG Ji-ling;LIU Chun-sheng;YANG Meng-ping;HAN Bing(Keshan Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161600,China;Daqing Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Daqing 163000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161600 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163000

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2020年第11期15-19,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NCGRC-2020-44);物种品种资源保护项目(19200360)。

摘　　要：为改良马铃薯品种及创新种质资源,对国家马铃薯种质资源克山试管苗库中179份鲜食高产马铃薯种质资源的29个质量性状和7个数量性状,进行Shannon-Wiener指数、相关性和聚类分析。结果表明:质量性状的多样性指数为0.834~1.751,其中顶小叶形状、薯形、皮色、肉色的多样性指数较高;数量性状中,各性状多样性指数范围略高于质量性状,达到了1.597~1.984。相关分析结果显示:产量与淀粉含量呈显著负相关、与干物质含量和主茎数呈负相关,与生育期呈极显著正相关;淀粉含量与干物质含量呈极显著正相关;主茎数与株高、茎粗、生育期和产量呈负相关;生育期与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。聚类分析结果表明:供试的179份种质资源分为6个类群,在早熟育种中可以利用第I类和第IV类种质资源,改良薯形可以利用第IV类种质资源,改良株型可以利用第II类种质资源,选育晚熟高淀粉资源可以利用第III类种质资源。In order to improve potato varieties and innovate germplasm resources,29 quality characters and7 quantitative characters of 179 fresh eating and high-yield potato germplasm resources were analyzed by Shannon Wiener index,correlation and cluster analysis.The results showed that the diversity index of quality traits ranged from 0.834 to 1.751,among which the diversity index of apical leaflet shape,potato shape,skin color and meat color was higher;among quantitative traits,the diversity index range of each character was slightly higher than that of quality traits,reaching 1.597-1.984.The results of correlation analysis showed that,there was significant negative correlation between yield and starch content,negative correlation with dry matter content and main stem number,and extremely significant positive correlation between starch content and dry matter content;significant positive correlation between starch content and dry matter content;negative correlation between main stem number and plant height,stem diameter,growth period and yield;significant positive correlation between growth period and starch content.The results of cluster analysis showed that 179 germplasm resources were divided into 6 groups.In early maturing breeding,class I and IV germplasm resources could be used,class IV germplasm resources could be used for improving potato shape,class II germplasm resources could be used for improving plant type,and class III germplasm resources could be used for breeding late maturing high starch resources.

关 键 词：马铃薯 种质资源 表型性状 遗传多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]