幼儿对并发冲突愿望的理解——来自传统实验和眼动实验的证据  

Children’s Understanding of Concurrent Conflicting Desire—Evidence from Traditional Experiment and Eye Movement Experiment

作　　者：陈友庆[1,2] 李菲蓉 CHEN Youqing;LI Feirong(School of Public Administration,Ho Hai University,Nanjing,Juangsu,210098;Department of Preschool Education,Hefei Preschool Education College,Hefei,Anhui,230011,China;Tianfu New Area Aviation&Tourism College,)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210098 [2]合肥幼儿师范高等专科学校学前系,安徽合肥230011 [3]天府新区航空旅游职业学院思政部,四川眉山620010

出　　处：《江苏第二师范学院学报》2020年第5期9-15,124,共8页Journal of Jiangsu Second Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“心理健康素质测评系统的研制”(项目编号:12JJD190003),合肥幼儿师范高等专科学校委托项目“儿童及成人认知活动的眼动规律及其应用研究”(项目编号:1064-818003016)。

摘　　要：将传统研究方法与眼动技术结合,探讨4—5岁幼儿对并发冲突愿望的理解情况。给幼儿描述一个并发冲突愿望故事,并在电脑屏幕上依次呈现与故事情境一致的图片,然后提问,让幼儿口头回答,同时记录幼儿在理解故事时的眼动特点。结果发现:(1)4—5岁幼儿开始能够初步理解并发冲突愿望,其理解能力随着年龄的增长而增长;(2)对并发冲突愿望有不同理解水平的幼儿对目标物的注视次数及总注视时间之间存在显著差异,具体表现在高理解水平的幼儿对目标物的注视时间以及注视次数高于低理解水平的幼儿;(3)4—5岁幼儿能对他人行为做出预期判断,且存在显著的年龄差异,预期判断的结果与眼动注视情况有关。本研究的结论是:4—5岁幼儿能理解并发冲突愿望,其眼动特点可对理解水平做出一定解释。This study combines the traditional research method and eye movement technology to explore 4-5-year-old children’s understanding of concurrent conflicting desire. In the experiment,at first a story about concurrent conflicting desire was told to young children while some pictures matching the story situation were presented on the computer screen in turn,and then some questions were verbally answered by them. Meanwhile,the children’s eye movements were recorded when they understood the story. The results show that: first,4-5-year-old children can have a basic understanding of the concurrent conflicting desire,and their comprehension ability increases with age;second,in terms of the times and time period of fixation at the target object,there is a significant difference among the children with different understanding levels of concurrent conflicting desire,that is,the children with high understanding level have longer time and more times than those with low understanding level;third,4-5-year-old children can make a judgment about other people’s behaviors,but there is a significant age difference. The result of the judgment is related to the eye movement and fixation conditions. The study finds that 4-5-year-old children can understand concurrent conflicting desire and their eye movement characteristics can explain the understanding level to a certain extent.

关 键 词：幼儿 并发冲突愿望 心理理论 眼动 

分 类 号：B844.12[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]