现实工况下农用拖拉机尾气排放特征分析  

Characterization of tailpipe emissions from in-use agricultural tractors

作　　者：庞凯莉 张凯山[1] 王帆 马帅[1] Pang Kaili;Zhang Kaishan;Wang Fan;Ma Shuai(College of Architecture&Environment,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学建筑与环境学院,成都市610065

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第10期158-167,共10页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：四川省重大科技专项(2019YFS0498)。

摘　　要：为量化农用拖拉机在实际作业过程中的尾气排放特征,研究选取9台用于田间运输、旋耕、施肥及秸秆粉碎还田的拖拉机,利用便携式尾气测量系统对其现实条件下CO、HC、NO和PM2.5的排放进行测量。结果表明,拖拉机的尾气排放随工况的不同而不同,行走和作业时其污染物排放速率高于怠速。拖拉机用途不同,其尾气排放也有所差异,旋耕机作业时CO、NO和PM2.5的排放速率明显比田间运输机、施肥机和秸秆粉碎机高。此外,拖拉机气体污染物的平均排放速率均随发动机转速和进气压力的增加而增加。同时,本文中拖拉机尾气排放的实测结果与我国非道路移动机械排放清单技术指南中推荐值有较大区别,NO平均约高12%,而PM2.5平均测量值更是比指南高达6倍以上。In order to quantify the exhaust emission characteristics of agricultural tractors in the actual operation process,9 tractors used for field transportation,rotary tillage,fertilization and straw shredding were selected in this study.The portable exhaust measurement system was used to measure the emissions of CO,HC,NO and PM2.5 under the actual conditions.The results show that the exhaust emission of tractors varies with different working conditions,and the pollutant emission rate is higher than idle speed during walking and working.The emission rates of CO,NO and PM2.5 during rotary tiller operation are obviously higher than those of field transport,fertilizer applicator and straw pulverizer.In addition,the average emission rate of pollutants increases with the increase of engine speed and inlet pressure.Meanwhile,the measured results of tractor exhaust emissions in this paper are quite different from the recommended values in China’s non-road mobile machinery emission inventory technical guidelines.The average NO is about 12%higher,and the average PM2.5 measurement is more than 6 times higher than the guidelines.

关 键 词：便携式尾气测量系统 拖拉机 排放特征 排放因子 现实工况 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]