论文书牍与明代文学论争的“境内”驱动  

Letters on Literature and the Internalized Drive for Literary Debates in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：叶晔[1] 杜欢 Ye Ye;Du Huan(School of Humanities,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人文学院,310058

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2020年第6期160-171,共12页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

摘　　要：作为汉魏以来传统自在的文学批评方式之一,论文书牍在中国文学批评体系的自足成立中,起到了相当重要的作用。据书信双方身份及写作姿态的不同,可分为“投献型”“示答型”“对话型”三种情况。书牍体的论学属性,及其往复关系所致的语境约制,既促成了深入的学术对话,也避免了后人强制阐释文本的可能。随着论文书牍的核心内容,从早期对创作经验的总结、文学史的回顾、文坛现状的评述,到后来对文学原理及概念诸问题的辨析;从以自我陈说为主的论文独白,到流派内部相互求异的论文辩难,它逐渐转变成一种基于文学共同体的文学批评方式。此发生于共同体内部的批评意识,肇端于中唐古文运动,至明代的文学流派论争达到鼎盛。特例如《与友人论文书》之言说对象的虚化,亦需被放置于“境内”驱动的文学批评史视野中,方能得到更精准的认识。As one of the traditional forms of literary criticism since the Han and Wei dynasties,letters on literature played an important role in the establishment of Chinese literary criticism framework.Based on the writers identities and attitudes,these letters can be grouped into“the presenting type”,“the replying type”and“the dialogue type”.The theoretical nature of the epistolary style and the contextual constraints resulted from its reciprocal relationship,promoted in-depth scholarly dialogue and avoided the possibility of forcible reinterpretation of the text by later generations.Primary contents in the literary correspondences shifted from summaries of writing experience,reviews of literary history and commentaries on the current state of the literary world,to analyses of literary principles and concepts,and also shifted from self-referential monologues about literature to debates over different characteristics of particular literary genre,and the shifts gradually turned into a practice of literary criticism based on literary community.This intra-community critical consciousness originated from the“Ancient Essay Movement”in the mid-Tang dynasty and reached its peak during the debates over literary schools in the Ming dynasty.Specifically,“Letter to a Friend on Literature”had generalized the object,and this can be better understood when put into the perspective of the internally driven history of literary criticism.

关 键 词：论文书 批评方式 往复关系 文本语境 共同体意识 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K248[历史地理—历史学]