作物对大气CO2浓度升高生理响应研究进展  

Physiological response of crop to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration:a review

作　　者：李彦生 金剑[2] 刘晓冰[2] LI Yan-Sheng;JIN Jian;LIU Xiao-Bing(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology/Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第12期1819-1830,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：农业农村部农业环境重点实验室开放基金;国家重点研发计划项目(2017-YFD0300300);国家自然科学基金项目(31501259)资助。

摘　　要：全球大气二氧化碳(CO2)浓度不断升高对农业生产带来巨大影响。二氧化碳是作物光合作用的底物,其浓度的升高理论上有利于作物光合作用能力的提高,从而促进作物生物量和产量的形成。但已有研究表明,大气CO2浓度升高对作物产量的促进作用小于预期,同时还存在使作物营养品质变劣的风险,相关机制尚不清楚。为此,本文从植物(作物)叶片对CO2的吸收和固定生理基础入手,综述了不同类型作物关键光合生理指标如:净光合速率、叶片胞间CO2浓度、Rubisco酶最大羧化速率及Rubp再生速率等对大气CO2浓度的响应差异。以作物整株水平碳-氮代谢平衡为基础,总结了解释光合适应现象的2种主要假说,即"源-库"调节机制和N素抑制机制。综述了大气CO2浓度升高对不同作物籽粒蛋白质、脂肪、矿质元素和维生素等关键营养指标浓度的影响。分析了未来大气CO2浓度和温度升高的交互作用对作物生产所带来的潜在影响。展望了本领域未来需要关注的主要研究方向。该综述可以为准确评估未来气候条件下作物产量和品质变化,最大发挥大气CO2浓度升高所带来的"肥料效应",减缓气候变化对作物生产带来的不利影响提供理论参考。The increase of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide([CO2])has substantially had a huge impact on agricultural production.As the sole substrate for photosynthesis,the increase of atmospheric[CO2]stimulates the net photosynthetic rate,thus promoting the biomass accumulation and yield level in many crops.However,the‘fertilization’effect of the elevated atmospheric[CO2]on crop production is less than theoretical expectation,and elevated[CO2]increases the health risk due to the decline in grain quality.The relevant mechanism is still unclear.In this paper,we analyzed the effect of elevated[CO2]on crop photosynthesis system,reviewed various responses of key photosynthesis indicators,such as the leaf net photosynthetic rate,the intercellular[CO2]of leaves,maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco(Vc,max),and the capacity of Rubp-regeneration(Jmax)in different crops,in response to the elevated atmospheric[CO2].Based on the C-N metabolism of the whole plant,we summarized two prevailing hypotheses about the acclimation of photosynthetic capacity under elevated atmospheric[CO2],namely the source-sink regulation mechanism and N limitation mechanism,respectively.We summarized the influence of elevated[CO2]on the nutritional quality of the grain,such as the change in the protein,oil,mineral elements,and vitamin concentrations.Furthermore,we also reviewed the potential interactive effect of the elevated atmospheric temperature and[CO2]on crop growth.Finally,the main research directions of this field in the future are proposed.In summary,this review can provide theoretical reference for accurately assessing the changes in crop yield and quality under climate change conditions,maximizing the‘fertilization’effect of elevated[CO2],and mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on crop production.

关 键 词：气候变化 全球变暖 水稻 小麦 大豆 玉米 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]