环境规制、技术进步与企业实际工资  

Environmental Regulation,Technological Progress and Real Wages of Enterprises

作　　者：耿晔强[1] 都帅帅 Geng Yeqiang;Du Shuaishuai(School of Economics and Management,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Institute of Business Studies,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学经济与管理学院,030006 [2]山西大学晋商学研究所,030006

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2020年第5期3-23,共21页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“经济全球化新趋势下中国与新兴市场国家贸易合作战略及政策研究”(12CJY076)的资助。

摘　　要：本文从环境规制强度和形式的双重视角进行综合分析,构建了探讨环境规制、技术进步与企业实际工资间关系的理论模型,并基于中国工业企业微观数据进行了实证估计。基准回归发现,环境规制对企业实际工资的影响视环境规制强度而定,低强度的环境规制会抑制企业实际工资增长,高强度的环境规制将促使企业实际工资水平提升,即二者呈“U型”关系;技术进步有利于企业实际工资水平提升。异质性分析的结果显示,环境规制与中低技术企业、非资源类企业、中西部地区企业、高技能工人企业实际工资之间的“U型”曲线开口更小,即环境规制强度变化更易引起这类企业的实际工资改变,但环境规制与中轻度污染企业、低技能工人企业实际工资间不存在显著的“U型”关系;除中西部地区由于人力资本结构较为低级导致技术进步抑制企业实际工资增长以外,技术进步对不同类型企业实际工资增长均起到了明显促进作用。进一步研究证明,费用型环境规制在短期内对企业实际工资影响较大,但长期看,投资型环境规制更有利于企业实际工资水平提升,故政府应该从政策上引导企业逐步由“被动”治理污染变为“主动”进行环保投资,建立污染治理长效机制。本研究为中国继续推进生态文明建设和实施创新驱动战略以促使制造业企业实际工资水平提升提供了依据。This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis from the dual perspectives of the intensity and form of environmental regulation,builds a theoretical model that explores the relationship between environmental regulation,technological progress,and real wages of enterprises,and makes empirical estimates based on micro data from Chinese industrial enterprises.The benchmark regression shows that the impact of environmental regulations on real wages of enterprises depends on the intensity of environmental regulations.Low-intensity environmental regulations will inhibit the real wage growth of enterprises,and high-intensity environmental regulations will promote the increase of real wages of enterprises.Technological progress is conducive to the rise of real wages.The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that the"U"curve opening between environmental regulations and real wages of low-and medium-tech enterprises,non-resource enterprises,midwestern enterprises,and high-skilled workers enterprises is smaller,that is,real wages of these enterprises are more sensitive to environmental regulations,but there is no significant"U"relationship between environmental regulations and real wages of enterprises with moderate to light pollution and low-skilled workers.In addition to growth,technological progress has significantly promoted real wages of different types of enterprises.Further research proves that the cost-based environmental regulation has a greater impact on real wages of enterprises in the short term,but in the long run,the investment-type environmental regulation is more conducive to the increase of real wages of enterprises,so the government should guide companies to invest in environmental protection actively and establish a long-term mechanism for pollution control.The study provides a basis for China to continue to promote the construction of ecological civilization and implement an innovation-driven strategy to promote real wage increases in manufacturing enterprises.

关 键 词：环境规制 技术进步 企业实际工资 制造业企业 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F273.1[经济管理—企业管理] F272.92[经济管理—国民经济] F425