中国古代天文学中的月亮远地点概念及其域外起源  

The Lunar Apogee in Ancient Chinese Astronomy and Its Foreign Origin

作　　者：钮卫星 NIU Weixing(Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2020年第3期350-359,共10页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《汉唐时期沿丝路传播的天文学研究》(项目编号:17ZDA182)。

摘　　要：中国古代传统天文历法从东汉《乾象历》开始就把月亮近地点设定为用于修正月亮视运动不均匀性的月离表的起始点。然而,在颁行的中国古代历法中,大约有四分之一历法中的月离表以月亮远地点为起始点。另外,在唐宋之际兴起的星命术中也把包括月亮远地点在内的四余(罗睺、计都、月孛、紫气)作为一个重要的推算项目,到明代四余的推算成为官方历法的组成部分。该文指出,无论是官方历法还是民间星命术中对月亮远地点的重视都有来自印度天文学的影响,而印度天文学又受到希腊几何天文学的影响。通过对月亮远地点这一天文概念在希腊的起源、由印度天文学作为传播中介、在中国产生影响这一天文学传播个案所做的梳理和分析,揭示天文学知识把古代不同文明联系在一起并产生深远影响的生动案例。In ancient Chinese astronomy the lunar perigee was customarily taken as the starting point in calculating lunar motion. However, about one fourth of the ancient Chinese official calendrical systems used the lunar apogee as the starting point of the Lunar Ephemerides. In addition, the calculation of lunar apogee, which was named as Yuebei, plus Rāhu, Ketu and Ziqi, together being called the Four Residual, became more and more popular in the fortune-telling system established between the end of the Tang dynasty and the beginning of the Song dynasty, and eventually won a legitimate status in the official calendrical system in the Ming dynasty. This paper points out that both the lunar apogee used in Chinese official calendrical systems and the one used in the fortune-telling system were influenced by Indian astronomy, which was introduced into China through the spreading of Buddhism. And it furtherly revealed that the conception of lunar apogee was derived from Greek geometric astronomy, which was absorbed by Indian astronomy. It is thus demonstrated that different ancient civilizations were linked together by the specific astronomical conception of lunar apogee being originated in Greece, introduced by the Indian, and adopted in China.

关 键 词：月亮远地点 古代天文学 中国 印度 希腊 

分 类 号：NO92[天文地球—天文学] P1-O92