人类星形胶质细胞和NG2胶质细胞的特性  

Properties of human astrocytes and NG2 glia

作　　者：杜一星(编译) Peter Bedner Ronald Jabs Christian Steinhäuser 

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]Institute of Cellular Neurosciences,Medical Faculty,University of Bonn,Bonn,Germany

出　　处：《神经损伤与功能重建》2020年第11期F0003-F0003,共1页Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction

摘　　要：由于医学研究中使用动物模型是不可避免的,因此关于胶质细胞特性的物种差异的信息对于成功的转化医学研究至关重要。本文综述目前与人类星形胶质细胞和NG2胶质细胞的形态和功能特性的相关知识,并将这些数据与从啮齿类动物中类似细胞获得的数据进行比较。啮齿动物和人类新皮质中星形胶质细胞的形态学分析显示出明显的差异。相反,这些物种中的星形胶质细胞或NG2胶质细胞的功能特性却惊人地相似。但是,我们应当谨慎地解释这些发现。因为目前人类细胞的功能分析仅可从新皮质和海马中获得,而从啮齿动物研究中得知,星形胶质细胞的性质在不同大脑区域中可能会有很大差异。此外,技术上的挑战使得星形胶质细胞的原位电生理测量不可靠,而人类细胞的特性可能会受到药物的影响。然而,基于目前可获得的有限数据,就迄今为止研究的那些功能特性而言,人类星形胶质细胞和啮齿动物星形胶质细胞之间存在大量的相似性。人新皮质中星形胶质细胞的独特形态特征需要进一步的生理学分析。关于NG2胶质细胞的基本特性的物种差异的问题甚至还没有得到完全评估,但是到目前为止尚未见报道明显的差异。总之,在可能涉及星形胶质细胞或NG2胶质细胞的人类中枢神经系统疾病的病因学研究中采用小鼠或大鼠模型仍然是合理的。Since animal models are inevitable for medical research,information on species differences in glial cell properties is critical for successful translational research.Here,we review current knowledge about morphological and functional properties of human astrocytes and NG2 glial cells and compare these data with those obtained for the comparable cells in rodents.Morphological analyses of astrocytes in the neocortex of rodents versus humans have demonstrated clear differences.In contrast,the functional properties of astrocytes or NG2 glial cells in these species are surprisingly similar.However,these findings should be interpreted with caution,as so far functional analyses of human cells are only available from neocortex and hippocampus,and it is known from rodent studies that the properties of astrocytes in different brain regions may vary considerably.Moreover,technical challenges render astrocyte electrophysiological measurements in situ unreliable,and human cell properties may be affected by medications.Nevertheless,based on the limited data currently available,there is substantial similarity between human and rodent astrocytes with regard to those functional properties studied to date.The unique morphological characteristics of astrocytes in human neocortex call for further physiological analysis.The basic properties for NG2 glia are even less completely evaluated with regard to the question of species differences but no glaring differences have been reported so far.In conclusion,it remains justifiable to employ mouse or rat models to investigate the etiology of human CNS diseases that might involve astrocytes or NG2 glia.

关 键 词：NG2胶质细胞 星形胶质细胞 电生理学 人类 形态学 小鼠 啮齿类 物种差异 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R741.02[医药卫生—临床医学]