单缝衍射仿真实验设计及分析  

Design and analysis of single-slit diffraction simulation experiment

作　　者：陈嘉富 王智勇[1] 于斌[1] 林丹樱[1] CHEN Jia-fu;WANG Zhi-yong;YU Bin;LIN Dan-ying(College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学物理与光电工程学院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《大学物理》2020年第12期67-74,共8页College Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61775144/61975131);深圳市基础研究项目(JCYJ20170818144012025/JCYJ20170818141701667)资助。

摘　　要：针对现有教材或参考书中鲜有对单缝的菲涅耳衍射图样及其到夫琅和费衍射图样之间的过渡情形进行详细分析和阐述的问题,本文提出在学习衍射理论和开展实验验证这两个环节之间,设计一个衍射仿真实验环节.据此,本文从衍射理论出发,推导用于实现仿真的表达式,然后以单缝衍射为例,利用Matlab编程并结合其图形用户界面(GUI)模块,设计衍射仿真实验,通过对仿真实验的结果进行分析,详细阐述了两种衍射现象及其过渡情形的特征,最后通过实际实验装置进行验证,证明仿真实验的可靠性和增加仿真实验环节的优势,旨在为更好地引导学生深入学习光的衍射提供一种有益的辅助手段.In view of the lack of the detailed analysis and elaboration on the Fresnel diffraction pattern of single slit and its transition to Fraunhofer diffraction pattern in the existing textooks or reference books,a proposal is given on designing a diffraction simulation experimental section between learning the diffraction theory and conducting an experimental verification.For this purpose,the mathematic formula used to realize the simulation is deduced from the diffraction theory.Then,taking the single slit diffraction as an example,Matlab programming and its graphical user interface(GUI)module are used,and a diffraction simulation experiment is designed.Through analyzing the results of the simulation experiments,the charateristics of the two diffraction phenomena and their transition situations are elaborated in detail.Finally,the real experiment is carried out by using actual experimental devices to verify the reliability of the simulation experiment and the advantages of introducing such a section.It is proved that the simuluation experimental section provides a useful auxiliary means for better guiding students to study the diffraction of light in depth.

关 键 词：单缝衍射 菲涅耳衍射 夫琅和费衍射 MATLAB仿真 傅里叶变换 

分 类 号：O4-39[理学—物理]