盛花期渍水对不同耐湿性芝麻品种氮素积累与分配的影响  

Effects of Waterlogging at Full Flowering Stage on Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution of Sesame Cultivars with Different Waterlogging Tolerance

作　　者：李国强 张建涛 胡峰 周萌 陈丹丹 郑国清 LI Guoqiang;ZHANG Jiantao;HU Feng;ZHOU Meng;CHEN Dandan;ZHENG Guoqing(Agricultural Economy & Information Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;Henan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Intelligent Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省智慧农业工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《华北农学报》2020年第5期81-88,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：河南省农业科学院青年国际科技交流基金;国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31301239)。

摘　　要：为探究盛花期渍水对不同耐湿性芝麻品种氮素吸收的影响,在盆栽试验条件下,以2种耐湿性不同的品种郑芝13和郑98N09为材料,研究了盛花期渍水持续时长(0,12,24,36 h)对芝麻植株氮含量、氮积累量及各器官氮分配比例的影响。结果表明:随生育进程推进,两品种4个处理茎秆、蒴果壳氮含量逐渐降低,而叶片氮含量逐渐增加,至出苗后40 d达到最大值然后逐渐降低。两品种茎秆、叶片、蒴果壳氮积累量表现出先上升后下降的变化规律,即出苗61 d之前逐渐增加,之后逐渐下降。两品种单株氮积累量随生育期推进逐渐增加。于出苗后61,90 d,两品种W12h、W24h和W36h处理茎秆氮含量均大于CK,而叶片、蒴果壳氮含量均低于CK。于出苗后61,90 d,两品种茎秆氮积累量均表现为W12h>W24h>CK>W36h,而叶片、蒴果壳和单株氮积累量大小顺序均为CK>W12h>W24h>W36h。于成熟期,郑芝13和郑98N094个处理茎秆、叶片、蒴果壳、籽粒和单株氮积累量达到显著差异水平,各器官(郑芝13蒴果壳氮素分配比例除外)分配比例也达到显著差异。正常生长情况下(CK),郑芝13和郑98N09籽粒氮素积累量所占比例最大,分别为51.29%,53.04%,其次为蒴果壳>茎秆>叶片。随渍水时长增加,两品种叶片、蒴果壳、籽粒和单株渍害指数逐渐增加。在4个器官中,渍水对两品种叶片影响最大,其次为籽粒,单株受影响最小。在渍水时长相同时,耐湿品种郑98N09各器官(茎秆除外)的渍害指数小于不耐湿品种郑芝13。综上,盛花期渍水提高了芝麻茎秆氮含量,降低了叶片和蒴果壳氮含量,降低了成熟期芝麻各器官及单株氮积累量。随渍水持续时间增加,茎秆和籽粒分配比例逐渐增加,而叶片和蒴果壳分配比例逐渐降低。受渍水影响,芝麻各器官和单株的渍害指数逐渐增大。叶片和蒴果壳的渍害指数均大于茎秆和籽粒。渍害对不同耐湿品种氮素吸收、积�The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of waterlogging at full flowering stage on the characteristics of nitrogen uptake in sesame cultivars with different waterlogging tolerance.The pot experiment was comprised of two sesame cultivars(Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09)and four waterlogging regimes(waterlogging for 0,12,24 and 36 h)in a completely randomized design.The results showed that for Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09,the N content of stem and capsule shell decreased gradually,while the N content of leaves increased gradually and reached the maximum value at 40 days after emergence and then decreased gradually.The N accumulation of stem,leaf and capsule shell increased at first,reaching the maximum at 61 days of emergence,and then decreased.The N accumulation per plant of two varieties went up gradually with increasing plant age.At 61 and 90 days after emergence,the stem N content of W12h,W24h and W36h in two varieties was higher than that of CK,but the N content of leaf and capsule shell was lower than that of CK.At 61 and 90 days after emergence,the stem N accumulation in both Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09 followed in the order of W12h>W24h>CK>W36h,whereas the N accumulation of leaves,capsule shell and single plant followed in the order of CK>W12h>W24h>W36h.At maturity,the N accumulation of stem,leaves,capsule shell,grain and single plant differed significantly in effect of waterlogging on Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09.Moreover,the distribution ratio of each organ,except capsule shell of Zhengzhi 13,also had a significant difference.Under normal growth conditions(CK),the distribution ratio of grain N was the largest in both Zhengzhi 13(51.29%)and Zheng 98N09(53.04%),and that of capsule shell N was higher than that of stem and leaves.the waterlogging index of leaves,capsule shell,grain and single plant rise gradually with increasing waterlogging duration.Among the four organs of two varieties,the effect of waterlogging on leaves was more than on grain and single plant.At the waterlogging duration,the waterl

关 键 词：芝麻 盛花期 渍水 氮素积累与分配 渍害指数 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]