汉语水平考试(HSK)阅读测试文本的可读性分析  

A Study on the Readability of Reading Test Texts in Chinese Proficiency Test(HSK)

作　　者：江新[1] 宋冰冰 姜悦 翟雨莹 JIANG Xin;SONG Bingbing;JIANG Yue;ZHAI Yuying(Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语国际教育研究院/心理学院,北京100083 [2]北京语言大学,北京100083 [3]北京语言大学汉语国际教育研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国考试》2020年第12期30-37,共8页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：国家社科基金2017年度重大项目“汉语文本可读性测评和分级的跨学科研究”(17ZDA305)。

摘　　要：研究汉语水平考试(HSK)阅读测试文本的可读性,可以为HSK阅读测试材料的选择提供依据。本研究以HSK(5、6级)阅读测试文本为实验材料,以高级汉语学习者的完形填空成绩作为衡量文本阅读理解难度的响应变量,以字词、句子、语篇层面的9个文本特征作为预测变量,通过多元回归方法建立可以衡量HSK高级阅读文本难度的可读性公式为:Y=178.261-134.363X1-0.515X2(Y为可读性分数,X1为相异词比率,X2为虚词数)。该公式的拟合优度达到84.1%,高于对外汉语领域的同类公式,其可读性分数与专家对文本难度评定分数之间存在高相关,说明该公式可以较为准确地预测HSK的文本难度。本研究还建立了可读性分数与HSK阅读测试文本分级对照表,根据可读性分数分析HSK阅读测试文本难度分级的准确率达到75%。Readability is the degree of difficulty for readers to understand reading materials and readability formula is an objective way to measure the texts’readability.Few researches have been conduced to investigate how to assess the text difficulty of reading materials in HSK test.This study aims to construct a new readability formula that includes multilevel text features to help to select appropriate text materials for HSK test.Authentic texts in HSK reading test(level 5 and level 6)were used to construct cloze test to examine Chinese language learners reading comprehension.Only learners who passed HSK 5 or above were selected to participate in this study.The learners’test scores were used as response variable and 9 text features taken from three different levels,namely,character level,word and sentence level and textual level,were used as predictive variables.A multi-regression method was used to establish the readability formula that can measure the difficulty of those texts:Y=178.261-134.363X1-0.515X2(Y=readability score,X1=type token ratio,X2=number of function words).The goodness of fit of this formula was 84.1%,higher than all the other readability formulas researches in the field of teaching Chinese to foreigners.Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation(r=-0.728)between readability scores and experts’evaluation,indicating that the formula can predict the text difficulty accurately.This study has practical ues which can provide a more objective way for the selection of reading materials in HSK reading test.

关 键 词：汉语水平考试 可读性 文本难度 阅读测试文本 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]